/**
 * plugins/themes/galata/styles/index.less
 *
 * Galata - Galata Green & Amber Journal Theme for OJS 3.5.x
 *
 * Compiled on top of the OJS default theme (this theme's parent) and
 * Bootstrap 5 (loaded by the plugin class). This file supplies the
 * visual design: colours, the hero, stat cards, the about/indexed/
 * articles panels, article cards and the footer.
 */
:root {
  --tech-accent: #a8101b;
  --tech-accent-light: #d01c28;
  --tech-accent-dark: #161616;
}
.tech-body {
  font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, sans-serif;
  color: #222a33;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  background-color: #f7f2f2;
  /* To use a background photo, remove the comment marks and put its URL here:
     background-image: url("https://example.com/your-image.jpg"); */
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-attachment: fixed;
}
:where(.tech-body) h1,
:where(.tech-body) h2,
:where(.tech-body) h3,
:where(.tech-body) h4,
:where(.tech-body) h5 {
  font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, sans-serif;
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
}
:where(.tech-body) a {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  padding-left: 16px;
  padding-right: 16px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-left: -8px;
  margin-right: -8px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row > :where([class*="col"]) {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding-left: 8px;
  padding-right: 8px;
  width: 100%;
}
.row.g-2 {
  margin-left: -4px;
  margin-right: -4px;
}
.row.g-2 > :where([class*="col"]) {
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}
.row.g-3 {
  margin-left: -6px;
  margin-right: -6px;
}
.row.g-3 > :where([class*="col"]) {
  padding-left: 6px;
  padding-right: 6px;
}
.row.g-4 {
  margin-left: -12px;
  margin-right: -12px;
}
.row.g-4 > :where([class*="col"]) {
  padding-left: 12px;
  padding-right: 12px;
}
.col-6 {
  width: 50%;
}
.col-auto {
  width: auto;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}
@media (min-width: 576px) {
  .col-sm-6 {
    width: 50%;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .col-md-3 {
    width: 25%;
  }
  .col-md-6 {
    width: 50%;
  }
  .col-md-12 {
    width: 100%;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .col-lg-2 {
    width: 16.6667%;
  }
  .col-lg-3 {
    width: 25%;
  }
  .col-lg-4 {
    width: 33.3333%;
  }
  .col-lg-5 {
    width: 41.6667%;
  }
  .col-lg-7 {
    width: 58.3333%;
  }
}
.d-flex {
  display: flex;
}
.d-none {
  display: none;
}
.d-block {
  display: block;
}
.flex-wrap {
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.flex-column {
  flex-direction: column;
}
.align-items-center {
  align-items: center;
}
.align-items-start {
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.justify-content-between {
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.justify-content-center {
  justify-content: center;
}
.text-center {
  text-align: center;
}
.mx-auto {
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}
.mb-0 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.mb-2 {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.mb-3 {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.mt-1 {
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.pt-1 {
  padding-top: 4px;
}
.pt-2 {
  padding-top: 8px;
}
.position-relative {
  position: relative;
}
.gap-2 {
  gap: 8px;
}
.gap-3 {
  gap: 12px;
}
.fw-semibold {
  font-weight: 600;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .d-md-block {
    display: block;
  }
  .gap-md-3 {
    gap: 12px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .d-lg-flex {
    display: flex;
  }
  .flex-lg-row {
    flex-direction: row;
  }
  .justify-content-lg-start {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }
  .text-lg-start {
    text-align: left;
  }
}
.pkp_structure_content {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 16px;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 28px;
  }
  .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar > .pkp_structure_main {
    flex: 1 1 0%;
    min-width: 0;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
  .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar > .pkp_structure_sidebar {
    flex: 0 0 320px;
    width: 320px;
  }
}
.pkp_structure_main {
  min-width: 0;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.pkp_structure_head.tech-navbar {
  background: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #e3e6e8;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
}
.tech-top-bar {
  background: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  padding: 7px 0;
}
.tech-top-bar .container {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 16px;
}
.tech-issn-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
}
.tech-issn-badge strong {
  font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.tech-issn-badge i {
  color: #d01c28;
}
a.tech-issn-badge-link {
  text-decoration: none;
}
.tech-top-bar-publisher {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
}
.tech-top-bar-publisher i {
  color: #d01c28;
}
.tech-navbar-inner .container {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 14px 16px;
}
.tech-brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
}
.tech-brand-logo-wrap {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  padding: 9px 16px;
  line-height: 0;
  flex: none;
}
.tech-brand-logo {
  display: block;
  height: auto;
  width: auto;
  max-height: 48px;
  max-width: 260px;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.tech-brand-info {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.tech-brand-initials {
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.tech-brand-title {
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
  font-weight: 500;
  max-width: 340px;
}
.tech-nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.tech-nav-collapse {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 18px;
  flex: 1 1 100%;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-top: 10px;
  padding-top: 10px;
  border-top: 1px solid #eef1f2;
}
nav.tech-nav-primary {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-start;
}
ul.tech-nav-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 4px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
ul.tech-nav-list li {
  position: relative;
  list-style: none;
}
ul.tech-nav-list > li > a {
  display: block;
  padding: 13px 16px;
  color: #222a33;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
}
ul.tech-nav-list > li > a:hover,
ul.tech-nav-list > li > a:focus {
  background: #f7f2f2;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
ul.tech-nav-list > li.active > a,
ul.tech-nav-list > li.current > a {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
ul.tech-nav-list li ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 8px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  min-width: 220px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px -8px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.18), 0 8px 16px -4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);
  border: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(6px);
  transition: opacity 0.15s ease, transform 0.15s ease, visibility 0.15s;
  z-index: 20;
}
ul.tech-nav-list li ul li a {
  padding: 9px 12px;
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  color: #222a33;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: block;
}
ul.tech-nav-list li ul li a:hover {
  background: #f7f2f2;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
ul.tech-nav-list li:hover > ul,
ul.tech-nav-list li:focus-within > ul {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}
.tech-nav-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}
.tech-btn-icon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 0.15s ease;
}
.tech-btn-icon:hover {
  background: var(--tech-accent);
  color: #ffffff;
}
ul.tech-nav-user-list {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
ul.tech-nav-user-list li {
  list-style: none;
}
ul.tech-nav-user-list a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 9px 16px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
ul.tech-nav-user-list a:before {
  font-family: "bootstrap-icons";
  margin-right: 2px;
}
ul.tech-nav-user-list li:last-child a {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-light) 50%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: transparent;
}
.tech-hero {
  margin-left: calc(50% - (var(--tech-vw, 100vw) / 2));
  margin-right: calc(50% - (var(--tech-vw, 100vw) / 2));
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #111111;
  background-image: radial-gradient(ellipse at 75% 35%, rgba(45, 102, 80, 0.30) 0%, rgba(14, 42, 31, 0) 60%), url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='180' height='180' viewBox='0 0 180 180'%3E%3Cg fill='none' stroke='%23e8a33a' stroke-width='1.2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round' stroke-opacity='0.07'%3E%3Crect x='72' y='72' width='36' height='36' rx='4'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='90' cy='90' r='6'/%3E%3Cpath d='M80 72V45L65 30H40'/%3E%3Cpath d='M90 72V25'/%3E%3Cpath d='M100 72V45L115 30H140'/%3E%3Cpath d='M80 108V135L65 150H40'/%3E%3Cpath d='M90 108V155'/%3E%3Cpath d='M100 108V135L115 150H140'/%3E%3Cpath d='M72 80H45L30 65V40'/%3E%3Cpath d='M72 90H25'/%3E%3Cpath d='M72 100H45L30 115V140'/%3E%3Cpath d='M108 80H135L150 65V40'/%3E%3Cpath d='M108 90H155'/%3E%3Cpath d='M108 100H135L150 115V140'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cg fill='%23e8a33a' fill-opacity='0.12'%3E%3Ccircle cx='40' cy='30' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='90' cy='25' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='140' cy='30' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='40' cy='150' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='90' cy='155' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='140' cy='150' r='3'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  background-size: 100% 100%, 180px 180px;
  padding: 76px 0 64px;
  color: #ffffff;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tech-hero-canvas {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  opacity: 0.5;
}
.tech-hero-orb {
  position: absolute;
  border-radius: 50%;
  filter: blur(50px);
  opacity: 0.35;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.tech-hero-orb-1 {
  width: 340px;
  height: 340px;
  background: #d01c28;
  top: -80px;
  right: 8%;
}
.tech-hero-orb-2 {
  width: 260px;
  height: 260px;
  background: #a8101b;
  bottom: -60px;
  left: 4%;
}
.tech-hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 16px;
}
.tech-hero-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
  padding: 5px 13px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.775rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.tech-hero-badge i {
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-hero-badge strong {
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-body .tech-hero-title {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 3.5rem;
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin: 14px 0 16px;
  text-wrap: balance;
  font-family: Georgia, serif;
}
.tech-hero-desc {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  max-width: 600px;
}
.tech-btn-cta-main,
.tech-btn-cta-outline {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 14px 26px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.tech-btn-cta-main {
  background: #ffffff;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-btn-cta-main:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
}
.tech-btn-cta-outline {
  background: transparent;
  color: #ffffff;
  border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}
.tech-btn-cta-outline:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.tech-showcase-card {
  max-width: 290px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  margin-top: -30px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  padding: 18px;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 36px -8px rgba(2, 19, 48, 0.4), 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-showcase-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-light) 50%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  padding: 6px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
}
.tech-showcase-badge i {
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-showcase-date {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
  font-weight: 600;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
}
.tech-showcase-date i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-showcase-cover-wrapper {
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  background: #ffffff;
  padding: 4px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tech-showcase-cover {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 200px;      /* cover image height */
  object-fit: contain;
  border-radius: 8px;
  margin: 0 auto;          /* keeps the cover centred */
}
.tech-body .tech-showcase-title { margin: 0 0 8px; line-height: 1.4; }
.tech-showcase-title a {
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.tech-showcase-title a:hover {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-btn-showcase {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  width: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-light) 50%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  padding: 7px 20px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  text-decoration: none;
  margin-top: 8px;
}
.tech-btn-showcase:hover {
  opacity: 0.92;
}
.tech-stats-row {
  width: 100%;
  position: relative;
  margin-top: -30px;
  z-index: 3;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.tech-metric-card {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px -4px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.12), 0 2px 8px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  padding: 16px;
  height: 100%;
}
.tech-metric-icon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  min-width: 42px;
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}
.tech-metric-value {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  line-height: 1.1;
}
.tech-metric-label {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.tech-below-hero {
  padding: 34px 0 10px;
}
.tech-below-hero-main {
  min-width: 0;
}
@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .tech-below-hero {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 28px;
  }
  .tech-below-hero-main {
    flex: 1 1 0%;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
  .tech-below-hero-sidebar {
    flex: 0 0 320px;
    width: 320px;
  }
}
.tech-about-card,
.tech-indexed-card,
.tech-articles-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.07);
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-accent);
  padding: 22px 24px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}
.tech-icon-tile {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  min-width: 44px;
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-light) 50%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}
.tech-body .tech-card-heading {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  color: #222a33;
  margin: 0;
}
.tech-card-subheading {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  font-weight: 600;
}
.tech-about-desc {
  color: #4f5b67;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  margin: 14px 0;
}
.tech-about-specs-grid {
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.tech-about-spec-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 10px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  height: 100%;
}
.tech-about-spec-icon {
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  min-width: 30px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.tech-about-spec-label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: #4f5b67;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.tech-about-spec-value {
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  color: #222a33;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.tech-spec-sep {
  color: rgba(79, 91, 103, 0.5);
}
.tech-btn-primary-sm,
.tech-btn-outline-sm {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 9px 18px;
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.tech-btn-primary-sm {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-light) 50%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-btn-primary-sm:hover {
  opacity: 0.92;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-btn-outline-sm {
  border: 1.5px solid var(--tech-accent);
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  background: #f7f2f2;
}
.tech-btn-outline-sm:hover {
  background: #f7f2f2;
}
.tech-body .tech-section-heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #222a33;
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #f7f2f2;
}
.tech-section-heading i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-indexed-wide {
  border-top-width: 5px;
  margin-top: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}
.tech-body .tech-indexed-title {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: #222a33;
  margin: 4px 0 22px;
  padding: 0 0 16px;
  border: none;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--tech-accent), var(--tech-accent-light)) no-repeat center bottom / 70px 4px;
}
.tech-indexed-title i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  margin-right: 8px;
}
.tech-indexed-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 16px;
}
.tech-indexed-content p,
.tech-indexed-content div {
  display: contents;
}
.tech-indexed-content br {
  display: none;
}
.tech-indexed-content a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: calc((100% - 80px) / 6);
  min-height: 68px;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #eedfe0;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.07);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
}
.tech-indexed-content a:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.14);
}
.tech-indexed-content img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 46px;
  object-fit: contain;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 4px 8px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #6b7682;
  border-radius: 2px;
}
.tech-index-logo {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
  height: 46px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 0 6px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #6b7682;
  border-radius: 2px;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.05;
  text-align: center;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-index-logo small {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.56rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.75;
}
.tech-indexed-content a:nth-child(6n+1) .tech-index-logo { color: #1a73e8; }
.tech-indexed-content a:nth-child(6n+2) .tech-index-logo { color: #d9232d; }
.tech-indexed-content a:nth-child(6n+3) .tech-index-logo { color: #0e7490; }
.tech-indexed-content a:nth-child(6n+4) .tech-index-logo { color: #ea580c; }
.tech-indexed-content a:nth-child(6n+5) .tech-index-logo { color: #a8101b; }
.tech-indexed-content a:nth-child(6n+6) .tech-index-logo { color: #15803d; }
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .tech-indexed-content a { width: calc((100% - 48px) / 4); }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .tech-indexed-content a { width: calc((100% - 16px) / 2); }
}
.tech-articles-card .current_issue_title {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.obj_issue_toc .heading .description {
  background: #f7f2f2;
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  color: #222a33;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.obj_issue_toc .heading .pub_id,
.obj_issue_toc .heading .published {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.obj_issue_toc .heading .pub_id .type,
.obj_issue_toc .heading .published .type {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  margin-right: 4px;
}
.obj_issue_toc .sections > .section > h3,
.obj_issue_toc .sections > .section > h4 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  margin: 18px 0 10px;
}
ul.cmp_article_list.articles {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
ul.cmp_article_list.articles > li {
  border-bottom: none;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
ul.cmp_article_list.articles > li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.tech-article-row {
  display: flex;
  gap: 22px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 18px 22px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.07);
}
.tech-article-cover-col {
  flex: none;
}
.tech-article-cover-img {
  width: 150px;
  height: 150px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.18);
}
.tech-article-body-col {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}
.tech-article-meta-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.tech-article-meta-left {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}
.tech-article-category {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  border: 1px solid #e8cfd1;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  padding: 6px 14px;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.tech-stat-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 5px 12px;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #222a33;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.07);
}
.tech-stat-badge strong {
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-stat-badge i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-stat-badge.tech-stat-badge-dl i {
  color: #16a34a;
}
.tech-article-date {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
}
.tech-article-date i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-pages-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: transparent;
  color: #4f5b67;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  padding: 0;
}
.tech-article-title {
  margin: 8px 0 10px;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  clear: none;
}
.tech-article-title a {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.tech-article-title a:hover {
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.tech-article-title .subtitle {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
ul.tech-article-authors {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  padding: 0;
}
ul.tech-article-authors li {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #222a33;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
ul.tech-article-authors li i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  margin-right: 5px;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}
ul.tech-article-authors .tech-author-role {
  color: #4f5b67;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.tech-article-footer-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 6px;
  padding-top: 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid #eef1f2;
}
.tech-article-footer-left {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}
.tech-doi-group {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
}
.tech-doi-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: #f2f4f4;
  border: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  color: #36414d;
  font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 7px 12px;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.tech-doi-pill:hover {
  background: #e3e6e8;
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
}
.tech-copy-doi-btn {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex: none;
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  border: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  background: #ffffff;
  color: #4f5b67;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}
.tech-copy-doi-btn:hover {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  border-color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-copy-doi-btn.is_copied {
  color: #16a34a;
  border-color: #16a34a;
}
ul.tech-article-galleys,
ul.galleys_links {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
}
ul.tech-article-galleys li,
ul.galleys_links li {
  list-style: none;
}
a.obj_galley_link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  border: 1px solid #e8cfd1;
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 8px 18px;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  text-decoration: none;
}
a.obj_galley_link:before {
  content: "\f63d";
  font-family: "bootstrap-icons";
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
a.obj_galley_link.pdf:after {
  content: "\2013  Full Text";
  margin-left: -3px;
}
a.obj_galley_link:hover {
  background: #efe3e4;
  border-color: var(--tech-accent);
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
}
a.obj_galley_link.restricted {
  background: #f2f4f4;
  border-color: #d2d7db;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block,
.tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #eef1f2;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.07);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .title,
.tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block > .title {
  margin: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-light) 50%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  padding: 13px 16px;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .content,
.tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block > .content {
  padding: 14px 16px 16px;
  font-size: 0.87rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .content ul,
.tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block > .content ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .content li,
.tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block > .content li {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eef1f2;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .content li:last-child,
.tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block > .content li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .content li a,
.tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block > .content li a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 9px 2px;
  color: #222a33;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .content li a:before,
.tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block > .content li a:before {
  content: "\f285";
  font-family: "bootstrap-icons";
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .content li a:hover,
.tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block > .content li a:hover {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  padding-left: 6px;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .content img,
.tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block > .content img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
}
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .content p:last-child,
.tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block > .content p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.tech-footer {
  background: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  margin-top: 30px;
}
.tech-footer .container {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 16px;
}
.tech-footer .pkp_structure_footer {
  padding: 48px 0 0;
}
.tech-footer-brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  text-decoration: none;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.tech-footer-brand-logo {
  height: auto;
  width: auto;
  max-height: 42px;
  max-width: 200px;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 6px;
  padding: 3px;
}
.tech-footer-brand-initials {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-footer-brand-title {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
  max-width: 260px;
}
.tech-footer-about {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.tech-footer-badges {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.tech-footer-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 5px 12px;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
}
.tech-footer-badge i {
  color: #d01c28;
}
.tech-footer-badge strong {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;
}
.tech-body .tech-footer-title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin: 0 0 14px;
}
.tech-footer-title i {
  color: #d01c28;
}
ul.tech-footer-links {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
ul.tech-footer-links li {
  margin-bottom: 9px;
}
ul.tech-footer-links a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
ul.tech-footer-links a i {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  color: #d01c28;
}
ul.tech-footer-links a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-footer-contact-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.tech-footer-contact-icon {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  min-width: 32px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  color: #d01c28;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.tech-footer-contact-main {
  display: block;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.tech-footer-contact-sub {
  display: block;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}
.tech-footer-contact-link {
  color: #d01c28;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.tech-footer-contact-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.tech-footer-pkp-box {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 6px;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.tech-footer-pkp-box i {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-footer-pkp-main {
  display: block;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}
.tech-footer-pkp-sub {
  display: block;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
}
.pkp_footer_content {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  padding-top: 20px;
  margin-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.pkp_footer_content a {
  color: #d01c28;
}
.tech-footer-bottom {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 24px;
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}
.tech-footer-bottom strong {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
}
.tech-footer-bottom .pkp_brand_footer img {
  opacity: 0.8;
  max-height: 28px;
}
.tech-back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  right: 22px;
  bottom: 22px;
  width: 46px;
  height: 46px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-light) 50%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px -8px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.18), 0 8px 16px -4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(10px);
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
  z-index: 999;
}
.tech-back-to-top.is_visible {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}
.tech-back-to-top:hover {
  opacity: 0.9;
  color: #ffffff;
}
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .tech-nav-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
  }
  .tech-nav-collapse {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    width: 100%;
    margin-top: 14px;
  }
  .tech-nav-collapse.is_open {
    display: flex;
  }
  ul.tech-nav-list {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  ul.tech-nav-list li ul {
    position: static;
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: none;
    box-shadow: none;
    border: none;
    display: none;
    padding-left: 14px;
  }
  ul.tech-nav-list li.is_open ul {
    display: block;
  }
  nav.tech-nav-primary {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }
  .tech-nav-actions {
    justify-content: space-between;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .tech-hero-title {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
  }
  .tech-article-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }
  .tech-article-cover-img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 140px;
  }
}

/* ---- Latest Articles: heading + current-issue card + section headings ---- */
.tech-latest {
  margin-bottom: 26px;
}
.tech-body .tech-latest-heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: #222a33;
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  padding: 0 0 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--tech-accent), var(--tech-accent-light)) no-repeat left bottom / 56px 3px;
  background-origin: border-box;
}
.tech-latest-heading i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-issue-card {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 44px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.1);
  padding: 30px 36px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.tech-issue-cover {
  flex: none;
}
.tech-issue-cover img {
  display: block;
  width: 178px;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.22);
}
.tech-issue-info {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}
.tech-issue-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  border: 1px solid #e8cfd1;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  padding: 5px 14px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-body .tech-issue-title {
  font-size: 1.85rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: #222a33;
  margin: 10px 0 10px;
}
.tech-issue-title a {
  color: #222a33;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.tech-issue-title a:hover {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-issue-desc {
  color: #6b7682;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.tech-issue-desc strong {
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-issue-published {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.07);
  padding: 6px 14px;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-issue-published i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-issue-published strong {
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-latest .obj_issue_toc .heading {
  display: none;
}
.tech-latest .obj_issue_toc .sections > .section > h3 {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: #222a33;
  margin: 30px 0 18px;
  padding: 0 0 10px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--tech-accent), var(--tech-accent-light)) no-repeat left bottom / 48px 3px;
  background-origin: border-box;
}
.tech-latest .obj_issue_toc .sections > .section > h3:before {
  content: "\f2c9";
  font-family: "bootstrap-icons";
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  border-radius: 0.4rem;
  background: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .tech-issue-card {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 22px;
    padding: 22px;
  }
  .tech-body .tech-issue-title { font-size: 1.4rem; }
}
.tech-latest > .tech-btn-outline-sm {
  margin-top: 18px;
}

/* ---- Footer: reference-style dark footer ---- */
.tech-footer {
  position: relative;
  text-align: left;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
  background-color: #111111;
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='180' height='180' viewBox='0 0 180 180'%3E%3Cg fill='none' stroke='%23e8a33a' stroke-width='1.2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round' stroke-opacity='0.07'%3E%3Crect x='72' y='72' width='36' height='36' rx='4'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='90' cy='90' r='6'/%3E%3Cpath d='M80 72V45L65 30H40'/%3E%3Cpath d='M90 72V25'/%3E%3Cpath d='M100 72V45L115 30H140'/%3E%3Cpath d='M80 108V135L65 150H40'/%3E%3Cpath d='M90 108V155'/%3E%3Cpath d='M100 108V135L115 150H140'/%3E%3Cpath d='M72 80H45L30 65V40'/%3E%3Cpath d='M72 90H25'/%3E%3Cpath d='M72 100H45L30 115V140'/%3E%3Cpath d='M108 80H135L150 65V40'/%3E%3Cpath d='M108 90H155'/%3E%3Cpath d='M108 100H135L150 115V140'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cg fill='%23e8a33a' fill-opacity='0.12'%3E%3Ccircle cx='40' cy='30' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='90' cy='25' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='140' cy='30' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='40' cy='150' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='90' cy='155' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='140' cy='150' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='30' cy='40' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='25' cy='90' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='30' cy='140' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='150' cy='40' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='155' cy='90' r='3'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='150' cy='140' r='3'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  background-size: 180px 180px;
  box-shadow: inset 0 2px 0 rgba(208, 28, 40, 0.35);
}
.tech-footer .pkp_structure_footer {
  padding: 56px 0 0;
}
.tech-footer-brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.tech-footer-brand .tech-brand-info {
  align-items: flex-start;
  text-align: left;
}
.tech-footer-brand-logo {
  max-height: 62px;
  max-width: 130px;
  padding: 5px;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  background: #ffffff;
}
.tech-footer-brand-initials {
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-footer-brand-title {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  max-width: none;
}
.tech-footer-about {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.68);
  text-align: left;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.tech-footer-badges {
  gap: 10px;
}
.tech-footer-badge {
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 8px 14px;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
}
.tech-footer-badge i {
  color: #d01c28;
}
.tech-footer-badge strong {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.tech-body .tech-footer-title {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  padding-bottom: 14px;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-body .tech-footer-title:after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 44px;
  height: 3px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #d01c28, #d01c28);
}
.tech-footer-title i {
  color: #d01c28;
}
ul.tech-footer-links li {
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
ul.tech-footer-links a {
  gap: 10px;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  transition: color 0.15s ease, padding-left 0.15s ease;
}
ul.tech-footer-links a i {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: #d01c28;
}
ul.tech-footer-links a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  padding-left: 4px;
}
.tech-footer-contact-item {
  gap: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  text-align: left;
}
.tech-footer-contact-icon {
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  min-width: 38px;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  background: rgba(208, 28, 40, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(208, 28, 40, 0.3);
  color: #d01c28;
  font-size: 1rem;
}
.tech-footer-contact-main {
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-footer-contact-sub {
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}
.tech-footer-contact-link {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #d01c28;
}
.tech-footer-social {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 6px 0 20px;
}
.tech-social {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  border-radius: 0.55rem;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: #ffffff;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
}
.tech-social:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}
.tech-social-linkedin { background: #0a66c2; }
.tech-social-x { background: #1d9bf0; }
.tech-social-facebook { background: #1877f2; }
.tech-social-whatsapp { background: #25d366; }
.tech-social-instagram { background: linear-gradient(45deg, #e3333e, #e1306c 55%, #c13584); }
.tech-footer-pkp-box {
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 4px;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}
.tech-footer-pkp-box i {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.07);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
}
.tech-footer-pkp-main {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.tech-footer-pkp-sub {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
}

/* ---- Floating WhatsApp chat button ---- */
.tech-wa-float {
  position: fixed;
  right: 22px;
  bottom: 84px;
  z-index: 998;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 12px 22px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #25d366 0%, #128c7e 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(37, 211, 102, 0.45), 0 0 0 6px rgba(37, 211, 102, 0.14);
  animation: techWaPulse 2.4s ease-in-out infinite;
  transition: transform 0.15s ease;
}
.tech-wa-float i {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  line-height: 1;
}
.tech-wa-float:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}
@keyframes techWaPulse {
  0%, 100% { box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(37, 211, 102, 0.45), 0 0 0 6px rgba(37, 211, 102, 0.14); }
  50% { box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(37, 211, 102, 0.45), 0 0 0 12px rgba(37, 211, 102, 0.05); }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .tech-wa-float { animation: none; }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .tech-wa-float { right: 16px; bottom: 78px; padding: 11px 18px; }
}

/* ---- Monthly views & downloads chart section ---- */
.tech-monthly-stats {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 2.5px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-top-width: 4px;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.12);
  padding: 24px;
  margin: 8px 0 28px;
}
.tech-monthly-head {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.tech-monthly-title-wrap {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
}
.tech-monthly-kpis {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.tech-kpi {
  padding: 7px 18px;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  text-align: center;
  min-width: 150px;
}
.tech-kpi-blue {
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-accent);
  background: #f6f3f3;
}
.tech-kpi-green {
  border: 2px solid #10b981;
  background: #ecfdf5;
}
.tech-kpi-label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #6b7682;
}
.tech-kpi strong {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.tech-kpi-blue strong,
.tech-kpi-blue i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-kpi-green strong,
.tech-kpi-green i {
  color: #059669;
}
.tech-chart-toolbar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  padding: 6px 0;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
}
.tech-chart-filters {
  display: inline-flex;
  border: 1px solid #d2d7db;
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #ffffff;
}
.tech-chart-filters button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 6px 14px;
  border: none;
  border-right: 1px solid #d2d7db;
  background: #ffffff;
  color: #4f5b67;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.tech-chart-filters button:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}
.tech-chart-filters button.is_active {
  background: var(--tech-accent);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.tech-chart-legend {
  display: inline-flex;
  gap: 14px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-chart-legend span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
}
.tech-legend-dot {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 13px;
  height: 13px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}
.tech-legend-blue {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #a8101b, #e3333e);
}
.tech-legend-green {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #059669, #34d399);
}
.tech-chart-box {
  position: relative;
  height: 400px;
  padding: 14px;
  border: 2px solid #d2d7db;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  background: #ffffff;
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .tech-monthly-stats { padding: 16px; }
  .tech-chart-box { height: 320px; }
  .tech-kpi { min-width: calc(50% - 6px); }
}


/* ---- Article page (reference-style layout) ---- */
.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_sidebar {
  display: none;
}
.tech-article-page {
  margin-top: 8px;
}
.tech-art-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 340px;
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: start;
}
.tech-art-main {
  min-width: 0;
}
.tech-art-aside {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 18px;
  min-width: 0;
}

/* header card */
.tech-art-head {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.1);
  padding: 22px 26px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.tech-art-pills {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}
.tech-art-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  border: 1px solid #e8cfd1;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  padding: 5px 12px;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.tech-art-pill-issue {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-color: #eedfe0;
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-art-pill-issue:hover {
  border-color: var(--tech-accent);
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-art-published {
  margin-left: auto;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-art-published i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-art-published strong {
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-body .tech-art-title {
  margin: 16px 0 0;
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
}
.tech-body .tech-art-subtitle {
  margin: 8px 0 0;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #4f5b67;
}

/* authors */
.tech-art-authors {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #eedfe0;
  border-radius: 0.9rem;
  padding: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.tech-author-grid {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 14px;
}
.tech-author-card {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  background: #f8f9f9;
  border: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  margin: 0;
}
.tech-author-icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex: none;
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #eedfe0;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-author-info {
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
}
.tech-author-name {
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-author-line {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 6px;
  font-size: 0.83rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-author-line > i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  margin-top: 2px;
}
.tech-ror-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 3px;
  margin-left: 6px;
  padding: 1px 7px;
  border-radius: 0.3rem;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  border: 1px solid #e8cfd1;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.tech-author-orcid svg,
.tech-author-orcid img {
  width: 1.1rem;
  height: 1.1rem;
}

/* DOI + usage badges */
.tech-art-doirow {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #eedfe0;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.tech-art-badges {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}

/* generic content card */
.tech-art-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #eedfe0;
  border-radius: 0.9rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.06);
  padding: 22px 26px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.tech-body .tech-art-card-title {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-art-card-title > i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-art-card-sub {
  margin: -8px 0 16px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #6b7682;
}
.tech-art-abstract {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-art-abstract-body {
  background: #f8f9f9;
  border: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  padding: 18px 20px;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.85;
  color: #4f5b67;
  text-align: justify;
}
.tech-art-abstract-body p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* keywords */
.tech-art-keywords {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.tech-body .tech-art-keywords-title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-art-keywords-title i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-keyword-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
}
.tech-keyword {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 5px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  border: 1px solid #e8cfd1;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
}

/* per-article chart */
.tech-art-chart .tech-monthly-kpis {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.tech-art-chart .tech-kpi {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 5px 14px;
}
.tech-art-chart .tech-chart-box {
  height: 300px;
}

/* author bios */
.tech-bio-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.tech-bio-list li {
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.tech-bio-name {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #222a33;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.tech-bio-text {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #4f5b67;
}

/* references */
.tech-ref-count {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 3px 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  border: 1px solid #e8cfd1;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-ref-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.tech-ref-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  padding: 12px 14px;
  background: #f8f9f9;
  border: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
}
.tech-ref-num {
  flex: none;
  min-width: 34px;
  padding: 2px 6px;
  text-align: center;
  border-radius: 0.35rem;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  border: 1px solid #e8cfd1;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-ref-num:before {
  content: "[";
}
.tech-ref-num:after {
  content: "]";
}
.tech-ref-text {
  min-width: 0;
  font-size: 0.87rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: #4f5b67;
  word-break: break-word;
}
.tech-ref-text a {
  word-break: break-all;
}
.tech-ref-raw {
  font-size: 0.87rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: #4f5b67;
}

/* side column */
.tech-art-cover {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.1);
  padding: 14px;
}
.tech-art-cover img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
}
.tech-panel {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.1);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.tech-body .tech-panel-title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-light) 50%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.tech-panel-title i {
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-panel-body {
  padding: 14px 16px 16px;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-panel .tech-panel-galleys {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;
}
.tech-panel .tech-panel-galleys + .tech-panel-galleys {
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.tech-panel .tech-panel-galleys li {
  margin: 0;
}
.tech-panel .tech-panel-galleys a.obj_galley_link {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-light) 50%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  border: none;
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 11px 16px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.tech-panel .tech-panel-galleys a.obj_galley_link:before {
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-panel .tech-panel-galleys a.obj_galley_link:hover {
  opacity: 0.92;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-metric-boxes {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 10px;
}
.tech-metric-box {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 10px 8px;
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  background: #f6f3f3;
}
.tech-metric-box strong {
  display: block;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-metric-box span {
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: #6b7682;
}
.tech-metric-box-green {
  border-color: #10b981;
  background: #ecfdf5;
}
.tech-metric-box-green strong {
  color: #059669;
}
.tech-dimensions {
  margin-top: 14px;
  padding-top: 12px;
  border-top: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
}
.tech-dimensions-label {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: #6b7682;
}
.tech-dimensions-label i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-issue-panel {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.tech-issue-thumb img {
  display: block;
  width: 72px;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 0.35rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.2);
}
.tech-issue-lines {
  min-width: 0;
}
.tech-issue-link {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.tech-issue-line {
  margin-top: 6px;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-issue-line i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  margin-right: 4px;
}
.tech-issue-line strong {
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-version-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.tech-version-list li {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.tech-panel .copyright,
.tech-panel .copyright a {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.tech-panel .copyright img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}
.tech-panel .copyright p {
  margin: 8px 0 0;
}
.tech-share {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
}
.tech-social-telegram {
  background: #229ed9;
}

/* plugin blocks in the side column (e.g. "How to cite") */
.tech-art-plugins {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 18px;
}
.tech-art-plugins:empty {
  display: none;
}
.tech-art-plugins .item {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.1);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.tech-art-plugins .item .label {
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-light) 50%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.tech-art-plugins .item .value {
  padding: 14px 16px 16px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-art-plugins .item .citation_formats_list .label {
  background: #f2f4f4;
  color: #4f5b67;
  padding: 10px 14px 4px;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .tech-art-layout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .tech-author-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .tech-art-head {
    padding: 18px;
  }
  .tech-body .tech-art-title {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
  }
  .tech-art-published {
    margin-left: 0;
  }
}

/* ---- Geographic distribution of authors ---- */
.tech-geo {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 2.5px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.12);
  padding: 24px;
  margin: 8px 0 28px;
}
.tech-geo-head {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
  padding-bottom: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
}
.tech-geo-title-wrap {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
}
.tech-geo-kpis {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
}
.tech-geo-kpis .tech-kpi {
  min-width: 110px;
}
.tech-geo-body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.55fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: center;
}
.tech-geo-mapbox {
  position: relative;
  background: #f8f9f9;
  border: 1px solid #d2d7db;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.tech-geo .tech-geo-map {
  width: 100%;
  height: 400px !important;
  min-height: 400px;
}
.tech-geo-fallback {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 24px;
  text-align: center;
  color: #6b7682;
}
.tech-geo-legend {
  position: absolute;
  left: 14px;
  bottom: 14px;
  z-index: 3;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.1);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-geo-dot {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 11px;
  height: 11px;
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.tech-geo-dot-low {
  background: #a7c4b1;
}
.tech-geo-dot-high {
  background: #a8101b;
  margin-left: 4px;
}
.tech-body .tech-geo-list-title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-geo-list-title i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-geo-row {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  padding: 8px 10px 6px;
  background: #f8f9f9;
  border: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
}
.tech-geo-rowtop {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}
.tech-geo-code {
  flex: none;
  min-width: 30px;
  padding: 2px 6px;
  text-align: center;
  border-radius: 0.3rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}
.tech-geo-name {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-geo-count {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #6b7682;
}
.tech-geo-count strong {
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}
.tech-geo-bar {
  height: 6px;
  margin-top: 6px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: #e3e6e8;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.tech-geo-bar span {
  display: block;
  height: 100%;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--tech-accent), var(--tech-accent-light));
}
.tech-geo-foot {
  margin-top: 16px;
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #6b7682;
}
.tech-geo-foot i {
  color: #16a34a;
}
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .tech-geo-body {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .tech-geo .tech-geo-map {
    height: 320px !important;
    min-height: 320px;
  }
}

/* ---- Sidebar: Top N Populars (most-viewed articles) ---- */
.tech-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular > .title {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}
.tech-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular > .title i {
  color: #e3333e;
}
.tech-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular > .content {
  padding: 14px;
}
.tech-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.tech-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-item {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  padding: 0;
  border-bottom: none;
}
.tech-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-item:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.tech-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-item a {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 12px 14px 12px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.06);
  color: #222a33;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-align: center;
  transition: box-shadow 0.15s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
}
.tech-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-item a:before {
  content: none;
}
.tech-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-item a:hover {
  padding-left: 14px;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.14);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.tech-popular-num {
  align-self: flex-start;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  padding: 0 8px;
  border-radius: 0.4rem;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  border: 1px solid #e8cfd1;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}
.tech-popular-item.is_top .tech-popular-num {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  border-color: var(--tech-accent);
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-popular-title {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-popular-views {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 3px 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  border: 1px solid #e8cfd1;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
}
.tech-popular-views i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}

/* keep the Top Populars block below every other sidebar block */
.tech-below-hero-sidebar,
.pkp_structure_sidebar {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block.block_tech_popular,
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block.block_tech_popular {
  order: 99;
}

/* ---- People pages: Editorial Team / Board / Advisory (auto cards) ---- */
.tech-body .page .tech-role-heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 30px 0 16px;
  padding: 0 0 10px;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid #d2d7db;
}
.tech-body .page .tech-role-heading:first-of-type {
  margin-top: 8px;
}
.tech-people-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.tech-person-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid #eedfe0;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.07);
  padding: 18px 20px;
  min-width: 0;
}
.tech-person-top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}
.tech-person-top i {
  flex: none;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-person-name {
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: #1a2028;
}
.tech-person-role {
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-person-line {
  margin-top: 3px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-person-aff {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: #6b7682;
}
.tech-person-aff i {
  flex: none;
  margin-top: 2px;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-person-mail {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  padding: 4px 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  border: 1px solid #e8cfd1;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--tech-accent-dark);
  text-decoration: none;
  word-break: break-all;
}
.tech-person-mail:hover {
  border-color: var(--tech-accent);
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .tech-people-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
}

/* ---- Issue archive: grid of issue cards ---- */
.tech-body .page_issue_archive .tech-archive-heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 0 0 26px;
  padding: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: #222a33;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #d2d7db;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--tech-accent), var(--tech-accent-light)) no-repeat left bottom / 60px 3px;
  background-origin: border-box;
}
.tech-archive-heading i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-archive-grid {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 20px;
}
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .tech-archive-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}
.tech-archive-grid > li {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
}
.tech-issue-tile {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 14px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-accent);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.1);
  transition: transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
}
.tech-issue-tile:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.18);
}
.tech-issue-tile-cover {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.tech-issue-tile-cover img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.2);
}
.tech-issue-tile-body {
  flex: 1;
}
.tech-body .tech-issue-tile-title {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-issue-tile-title a {
  color: #222a33;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.tech-issue-tile-title a:hover {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-issue-tile-series {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #6b7682;
}
.tech-issue-tile-series i {
  margin-right: 4px;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-issue-tile-date {
  margin-top: 16px;
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-issue-tile-date i {
  margin-right: 6px;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .tech-archive-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
}

/* ---- Contact page: banner + address card + contact cards ---- */
.tech-page-banner {
  margin-left: calc(50% - (var(--tech-vw, 100vw) / 2));
  margin-right: calc(50% - (var(--tech-vw, 100vw) / 2));
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  padding: 26px 0 30px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-light) 50%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-page-banner-inner {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 16px;
}
.tech-banner-crumbs {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-banner-crumbs a {
  color: #ffffff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.tech-banner-crumbs a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.tech-banner-sep {
  opacity: 0.6;
}
.tech-body .tech-banner-title {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 2.4rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.15;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-mailing-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 1.1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.1);
  padding: 30px 24px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  text-align: center;
}
.tech-mailing-icon {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 2.6rem;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-body .tech-mailing-title {
  margin: 10px 0 8px;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-mailing-text {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #6b7682;
}
.tech-contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.tech-contact-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 1.1rem;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--tech-accent);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(110, 10, 18, 0.1);
  padding: 26px 28px;
  min-width: 0;
}
.tech-contact-support {
  border-top-color: #6b7682;
}
.tech-contact-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.tech-contact-icon {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex: none;
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--tech-accent) 0%, var(--tech-accent-dark) 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-contact-support .tech-contact-icon {
  background: #f2f4f4;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-body .tech-contact-title {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #222a33;
}
.tech-contact-name {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #1a2028;
}
.tech-contact-role {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-contact-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-contact-row > i {
  flex: none;
  margin-top: 3px;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
}
.tech-contact-support .tech-contact-row > i {
  color: #6b7682;
}
.tech-contact-mail a {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  word-break: break-all;
}
.tech-contact-support .tech-contact-mail a {
  color: #4f5b67;
}
.tech-contact-mail a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .tech-contact-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .tech-body .tech-banner-title {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
  }
}

/* Mobile menu button: it also carries the default theme's .pkp_site_nav_toggle class (the default
   theme's menu script looks for it). That class pins the button to the top-left corner
   (position:absolute; top:0; left:0) and turns its label into white hamburger lines, so on phones
   the button covered the journal name. Undo those parent rules: the button sits at the right end
   of the brand row with its "Menu" label, as designed. */
.tech-nav-toggle.pkp_site_nav_toggle {
  position: static;
  top: auto;
  left: auto;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  background: #f7f2f2;
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.tech-nav-toggle.pkp_site_nav_toggle > span {
  position: static;
  top: auto;
  left: auto;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  margin: 0;
  border: 0;
  text-indent: 0;
  overflow: visible;
  transform: none;
  color: inherit;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.tech-nav-toggle.pkp_site_nav_toggle > span::before,
.tech-nav-toggle.pkp_site_nav_toggle > span::after {
  content: none;
  display: none;
}

/* ---- small corners, no big soft shadows (generated sweep of the base rules) ---- */
.tech-brand-logo-wrap,
.tech-nav-toggle,
ul.tech-nav-list > li > a,
ul.tech-nav-list li ul,
ul.tech-nav-list li ul li a,
ul.tech-nav-user-list a,
.tech-hero-badge,
.tech-btn-cta-main, .tech-btn-cta-outline,
.tech-showcase-card,
.tech-showcase-badge,
.tech-showcase-cover-wrapper,
.tech-showcase-cover,
.tech-btn-showcase,
.tech-metric-card,
.tech-metric-icon,
.tech-about-card, .tech-indexed-card, .tech-articles-card,
.tech-icon-tile,
.tech-about-spec-item,
.tech-about-spec-icon,
.tech-btn-primary-sm, .tech-btn-outline-sm,
.tech-indexed-content a,
.tech-indexed-content img,
.tech-index-logo,
.obj_issue_toc .heading .description,
.tech-article-row,
.tech-article-cover-img,
.tech-article-category,
.tech-stat-badge,
.tech-doi-pill,
.tech-copy-doi-btn,
a.obj_galley_link,
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block, .tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block,
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .content img, .tech-below-hero-sidebar .pkp_block > .content img,
.tech-footer-brand-logo,
.tech-footer-badge,
.tech-footer-contact-icon,
.tech-footer-pkp-box,
.tech-issue-card,
.tech-issue-cover img,
.tech-issue-pill,
.tech-issue-published,
.tech-latest .obj_issue_toc .sections > .section > h3:before,
.tech-body .tech-footer-title:after,
.tech-social,
.tech-footer-pkp-box i,
.tech-wa-float,
.tech-monthly-stats,
.tech-kpi,
.tech-chart-filters,
.tech-legend-dot,
.tech-chart-box,
.tech-art-head,
.tech-art-pill,
.tech-art-authors,
.tech-author-card,
.tech-author-icon,
.tech-ror-badge,
.tech-art-doirow,
.tech-art-card,
.tech-art-abstract-body,
.tech-keyword,
.tech-ref-count,
.tech-ref-item,
.tech-ref-num,
.tech-art-cover,
.tech-art-cover img,
.tech-panel,
.tech-metric-box,
.tech-issue-thumb img,
.tech-art-plugins .item,
.tech-geo,
.tech-geo-mapbox,
.tech-geo-legend,
.tech-geo-row,
.tech-geo-code,
.tech-geo-bar,
.tech-geo-bar span,
.tech-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-item a,
.tech-popular-num,
.tech-popular-views,
.tech-person-card,
.tech-person-mail,
.tech-issue-tile,
.tech-issue-tile-cover img,
.tech-mailing-card,
.tech-contact-card,
.tech-nav-toggle.pkp_site_nav_toggle {
  border-radius: 4px;
}
50% {
  box-shadow: none;
}


:root {
--ly-navy: var(--tech-accent, #a8101b);
--ly-navy-2: var(--tech-accent-light, #d01c28);
--ly-navy-deep: var(--tech-accent-dark, #161616);
--ly-accent: #161616;
--ly-accent-soft: #f9dcdf;
--ly-ink: #1b1b1d;
--ly-muted: #5d5d63;
--ly-line: #e7e2e2;
--ly-page: #f6f4f4;
--ly-tint: #f6eaeb;
--ly-wrap: 1200px;
--ly-radius: 6px;
--ly-serif: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Tahoma, sans-serif;
--ly-sans: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, sans-serif;
--ly-tower: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='640' height='300' viewBox='0 0 640 300'%3E%3Cg fill='none' stroke='%23ffffff' stroke-opacity='.18' stroke-width='1.4' stroke-linecap='round'%3E%3Cpath d='M330.0 290.0L332.7 290.5L335.4 290.9L338.1 291.4L340.7 291.8L343.3 292.2L345.9 292.5L348.4 292.8L350.9 293.0L353.2 293.1L355.5 293.2L357.8 293.2L359.9 293.0L361.9 292.8L363.9 292.5L365.7 292.0L367.4 291.4L369.1 290.8L370.6 289.9L371.9 289.0L373.2 287.9L374.4 286.8L375.4 285.4L376.3 284.0L377.1 282.4L377.8 280.8L378.4 279.0L378.9 277.1L379.2 275.0L379.5 272.9L379.7 270.7L379.8 268.4L379.9 266.0L379.8 263.6L379.7 261.0L379.6 258.4L379.4 255.8L379.2 253.1L378.9 250.4L378.6 247.7L378.3 245.0L378.0 242.3L377.8 239.6L377.5 236.9L377.3 234.2L377.1 231.6L376.9 229.0L376.8 226.4L376.8 224.0L376.8 221.6L377.0 219.3L377.1 217.1L377.4 215.0L377.8 212.9L378.3 211.0L378.9 209.2L379.6 207.6L380.4 206.0L381.3 204.6L382.3 203.2L383.5 202.1L384.7 201.0L386.1 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282.4L340.9 243.6 M379.9 266.0L357.5 242.0 M378.3 245.0L378.3 245.0 M376.8 224.0L399.2 248.0 M379.6 207.6L415.8 246.4 M389.2 198.6L425.4 237.4 M405.8 197.0L428.2 221.0 M426.7 200.0L426.7 200.0 M447.5 203.0L425.1 179.0 M464.1 201.4L427.9 162.6 M473.8 192.4L437.6 153.6 M476.5 176.0L454.1 152.0 M475.0 155.0L475.0 155.0 M473.5 134.0L495.9 158.0 M476.2 117.6L512.4 156.4 M485.9 108.6L522.1 147.4 M502.5 107.0L524.9 131.0 M523.3 110.0L523.3 110.0 M544.2 113.0L521.8 89.0 M560.8 111.4L524.6 72.6 M570.4 102.4L534.2 63.6 M573.2 86.0L550.8 62.0 M571.7 65.0L571.7 65.0 M570.1 44.0L592.5 68.0 M572.9 27.6L609.1 66.4 M582.6 18.6L618.8 57.4 M599.1 17.0L621.5 41.0 M620.0 20.0L620.0 20.0'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cg fill='none' stroke='%23ffffff' stroke-opacity='.12' stroke-width='1.2'%3E%3Cpath d='M269.1 81.0L250.0 92.0L230.9 81.0L230.9 59.0L250.0 48.0L269.1 59.0Z M307.1 103.0L288.0 114.0L268.9 103.0L268.9 81.0L288.0 70.0L307.1 81.0Z M307.1 147.0L288.0 158.0L268.9 147.0L268.9 125.0L288.0 114.0L307.1 125.0Z M231.1 103.0L212.0 114.0L192.9 103.0L192.9 81.0L212.0 70.0L231.1 81.0Z M153.9 238.0L140.0 246.0L126.1 238.0L126.1 222.0L140.0 214.0L153.9 222.0Z M181.9 254.0L168.0 262.0L154.1 254.0L154.1 238.0L168.0 230.0L181.9 238.0Z M575.6 259.0L560.0 268.0L544.4 259.0L544.4 241.0L560.0 232.0L575.6 241.0Z M532.1 67.0L520.0 74.0L507.9 67.0L507.9 53.0L520.0 46.0L532.1 53.0Z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");
--ly-skyline: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='600' height='90' viewBox='0 0 600 90'%3E%3Cg fill='none' stroke='%23ffffff' stroke-opacity='.10' stroke-width='1.2'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 89h600M20 89V50h40v39M30 50V38h20v12M90 89V30h22v59M101 30V14M150 89V56l25-18 25 18v33M240 89V40h60v49M250 40V24h40v16M270 24V8M340 89V60h30v29M400 89V34l18-12 18 12v55M480 89V46h44v43M492 46V30h20v16M560 89V58h26v31'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}
.tech-body {
background-attachment: scroll;
}
.tech-hero-badge {
backdrop-filter: none;
}
.ly-body,
.tech-body.ly-body {
background: var(--ly-page);
color: var(--ly-ink);
font-family: var(--ly-sans);
font-size: 15px;
}
html {
font-size: 15px;
}
.ly-body h1,
.ly-body h2,
.ly-body h3,
.ly-body h4 {
font-family: var(--ly-sans);
}
.ly-wrap {
box-sizing: border-box;
width: 100%;
max-width: var(--ly-wrap);
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
padding-left: 20px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
.ly-body a {
color: var(--ly-navy-2);
}
.ly-body a:focus-visible,
.ly-body button:focus-visible,
.ly-body input:focus-visible,
.ly-body summary:focus-visible {
outline: 2px solid var(--ly-accent);
outline-offset: 2px;
}
.ly-visually-hidden {
position: absolute !important;
width: 1px;
height: 1px;
margin: -1px;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
white-space: nowrap;
border: 0;
}
.ly-body .ly-header.pkp_structure_head {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background: #ffffff;
border: 0;
box-shadow: none;
}
.ly-top-inner {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 24px;
min-height: 72px;
}
.ly-body a.ly-brand {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 10px;
min-width: 0;
color: var(--ly-ink);
text-decoration: none;
}
.ly-seal {
flex: none;
}
.ly-logo {
display: block;
width: auto;
height: auto;
max-height: 52px;
max-width: 240px;
}
.ly-brand-text {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
min-width: 0;
line-height: 1.2;
}
.ly-brand-text strong {
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 1.05rem;
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--ly-navy);
}
.ly-brand-text small {
font-size: 0.68rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
.ly-search {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
flex: 0 1 470px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 3px 3px 3px 16px;
background: #f3f1f1;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-radius: 999px;
}
.ly-body .ly-search input {
flex: 1 1 auto;
min-width: 0;
height: 30px;
padding: 0;
font-size: 0.78rem;
color: var(--ly-ink);
background: transparent;
border: 0;
box-shadow: none;
}
.ly-body .ly-search input:focus {
outline: none;
}
.ly-search:focus-within {
border-color: var(--ly-navy-2);
}
.ly-body .ly-search button {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 6px;
padding: 7px 16px;
font-size: 0.74rem;
font-weight: 600;
color: #ffffff;
background: var(--ly-accent);
border: 0;
border-radius: 999px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.ly-user {
flex: none;
}
.ly-body ul.ly-user-list {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column-reverse;
gap: 5px;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.ly-body .ly-user-list > li {
position: relative;
display: block;
}
.ly-body .ly-user-list > li > a {
display: block;
min-width: 92px;
padding: 5px 14px;
font-size: 0.7rem;
font-weight: 600;
text-align: center;
color: var(--ly-navy);
text-decoration: none;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.ly-body .ly-user-list > li:last-child > a {
color: #ffffff;
background: var(--ly-accent);
border-color: var(--ly-accent);
}
.ly-body .ly-user-list ul {
position: absolute;
top: 100%;
right: 0;
left: auto;
z-index: 80;
display: none;
min-width: 190px;
margin: 4px 0 0;
padding: 6px 0;
list-style: none;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
box-shadow: 0 10px 24px -14px rgba(15, 34, 56, 0.45);
}
.ly-body .ly-user-list > li:hover > ul,
.ly-body .ly-user-list > li:focus-within > ul {
display: block;
}
.ly-body .ly-user-list ul a {
display: block;
padding: 6px 14px;
font-size: 0.76rem;
color: var(--ly-ink);
text-decoration: none;
}
.ly-body .ly-user-list ul a:hover {
background: var(--ly-page);
}
.ly-navbar {
position: relative;
z-index: 40;
background: #ffffff;
border-top: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
}
.ly-navbar-inner {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 16px;
min-height: 44px;
}
.ly-nav {
flex: 1 1 auto;
min-width: 0;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav ul.ly-menu {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-items: center;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li {
position: relative;
display: block;
margin: 0;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a {
position: relative;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 5px;
padding: 13px 12px;
font-size: 0.76rem;
font-weight: 500;
white-space: nowrap;
color: var(--ly-ink);
text-decoration: none;
border: 0;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li:first-child > a {
padding-left: 0;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li.ly-has-sub > a::before {
content: '';
order: 2;
margin-left: 3px;
border-top: 4px solid currentColor;
border-right: 4px solid transparent;
border-left: 4px solid transparent;
opacity: 0.6;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a::after {
content: '';
position: absolute;
left: 12px;
right: 12px;
bottom: 6px;
height: 2px;
background: var(--ly-accent);
transform: scaleX(0);
transition: transform 0.15s ease;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li:first-child > a::after {
left: 0;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a:hover::after,
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li.ly-current > a::after {
transform: none;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li.ly-current > a {
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--ly-navy);
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu ul {
position: absolute;
top: 100%;
left: 0;
z-index: 90;
display: none;
width: auto;
min-width: 220px;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 0;
list-style: none;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-top: 2px solid var(--ly-accent);
border-radius: 0 0 var(--ly-radius) var(--ly-radius);
box-shadow: 0 12px 26px -14px rgba(15, 34, 56, 0.45);
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li:hover > ul,
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li:focus-within > ul,
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li.ly-open > ul {
display: block;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu ul li {
display: block;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu ul a {
display: block;
padding: 8px 16px;
font-size: 0.76rem;
color: var(--ly-ink);
text-decoration: none;
border: 0;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu ul a:hover {
color: var(--ly-navy);
background: var(--ly-page);
}
.ly-sub-toggle,
.ly-menu-toggle {
display: none;
}
.ly-tools {
display: flex;
flex: none;
align-items: center;
gap: 14px;
}
.ly-social {
display: flex;
gap: 10px;
}
.ly-body .ly-social a {
font-size: 0.82rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
.ly-body .ly-social a:hover {
color: var(--ly-navy);
}
.ly-langs {
display: flex;
gap: 4px;
}
.ly-body .ly-langs a {
padding: 2px 6px;
font-size: 0.64rem;
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--ly-muted);
text-decoration: none;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-radius: 3px;
}
.ly-body .ly-langs a[aria-current] {
color: #ffffff;
background: var(--ly-navy);
border-color: var(--ly-navy);
}
.ly-btn {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
gap: 8px;
padding: 9px 18px;
font-size: 0.78rem;
font-weight: 600;
text-decoration: none;
border: 1px solid transparent;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: background-color 0.15s ease;
}
.ly-btn-block {
display: flex;
width: 100%;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.ly-body .ly-btn-amber {
color: #ffffff;
background: var(--ly-accent);
border-color: var(--ly-accent);
}
.ly-body .ly-btn-amber:hover {
color: #ffffff;
background: #333333;
}
.ly-body .ly-btn-navy {
color: #ffffff;
background: var(--ly-navy);
border-color: var(--ly-navy);
}
.ly-body .ly-btn-navy:hover {
color: #ffffff;
background: var(--ly-navy-2);
}
.ly-body a.ly-more {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 5px;
font-size: 0.72rem;
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--ly-navy-2);
text-decoration: underline;
text-underline-offset: 3px;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_content.ly-frame:has(.ly-home) {
display: block;
max-width: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background: none;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_main:has(.ly-home) {
float: none;
width: auto;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background: none;
border: 0;
border-radius: 0;
}
.ly-hero {
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
color: #ffffff;
background-color: var(--ly-navy);
background-image: var(--ly-tower), var(--ly-skyline), radial-gradient(ellipse at 20% 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.07), transparent 55%);
background-position: right 4% bottom, center bottom, center;
background-repeat: no-repeat, repeat-x, no-repeat;
background-size: auto 92%, 600px 90px, 100% 100%;
}
.ly-hero-inner {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr) 330px;
gap: 34px;
align-items: center;
padding-top: 36px;
padding-bottom: 44px;
}
.ly-body a.ly-hero-cover,
.ly-body a.ly-latest-cover {
display: block;
line-height: 0;
text-decoration: none;
}
.ly-hero-cover img {
width: 100%;
height: auto;
box-shadow: 0 18px 30px -14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}
.ly-cover-plate {
box-sizing: border-box;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: flex-start;
gap: 8px;
width: 100%;
aspect-ratio: 3 / 4.1;
padding: 26px 16px;
line-height: 1.2;
text-align: center;
color: #ffffff;
background: linear-gradient(180deg, #b5532e 0%, #8e3a1d 100%);
outline: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
outline-offset: -8px;
box-shadow: 0 18px 30px -14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}
.ly-cp-name {
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 1.7rem;
font-weight: 700;
letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}
.ly-cp-sub {
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 0.72rem;
font-style: italic;
}
.ly-cp-issue {
margin-top: auto;
font-size: 0.72rem;
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--ly-accent-soft);
}
.ly-cover-plate-sm {
aspect-ratio: auto;
min-height: 150px;
box-shadow: none;
}
.ly-body .ly-hero h1.ly-hero-title {
margin: 0 0 8px;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 2.8vw, 2.5rem);
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 1.12;
color: #ffffff;
text-wrap: balance;
}
.ly-body p.ly-hero-sub {
margin: 0 0 10px;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 0.98rem;
font-style: italic;
color: var(--ly-accent-soft);
}
.ly-body p.ly-hero-desc {
max-width: 560px;
margin: 0 0 22px;
font-size: 0.84rem;
line-height: 1.6;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
}
ul.ly-figures {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: 14px 46px;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
ul.ly-figures li {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
ul.ly-figures strong {
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 1.5rem;
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 1.1;
color: #ffffff;
font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums;
}
ul.ly-figures span {
max-width: 120px;
margin-top: 3px;
font-size: 0.68rem;
line-height: 1.35;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
}
ul.ly-facts {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
gap: 8px;
margin: 0 0 14px;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
ul.ly-facts li {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 8px;
min-width: 0;
padding: 5px 10px 5px 5px;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
border-radius: 999px;
}
ul.ly-facts i {
display: inline-flex;
flex: none;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
width: 28px;
height: 28px;
font-size: 0.5rem;
font-style: normal;
font-weight: 800;
color: #ffffff;
background: var(--ly-accent);
border-radius: 50%;
}
ul.ly-facts i.bi {
font-size: 0.78rem;
}
ul.ly-facts span {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
min-width: 0;
font-size: 0.58rem;
line-height: 1.25;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
}
ul.ly-facts strong {
overflow: hidden;
font-size: 0.72rem;
font-weight: 600;
white-space: nowrap;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
color: #ffffff;
}
.ly-submit {
padding: 16px 18px;
text-align: center;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
border-radius: var(--ly-radius);
}
.ly-body .ly-submit p {
margin: 10px 0 0;
font-size: 0.72rem;
line-height: 1.5;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
}
.ly-body .ly-submit .ly-submit-links {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
gap: 16px;
margin-top: 6px;
}
.ly-body .ly-submit-links a {
font-weight: 600;
color: #ffffff;
}
.ly-home-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 230px minmax(0, 1fr) 260px;
grid-template-areas: "left main right";
gap: 26px;
align-items: start;
padding-top: 28px;
padding-bottom: 36px;
}
.ly-col-left {
grid-area: left;
}
.ly-col-main {
grid-area: main;
min-width: 0;
}
.ly-col-right {
grid-area: right;
}
.ly-col-left,
.ly-col-right {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: 22px;
min-width: 0;
}
.ly-card {
padding: 16px;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-radius: var(--ly-radius);
}
.ly-body h2.ly-mark,
.ly-body .ly-col-right .pkp_block > .title {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 8px;
margin: 0 0 12px;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 1.02rem;
font-weight: 700;
letter-spacing: 0;
text-transform: none;
color: var(--ly-ink);
background: none;
border: 0;
}
.ly-body h2.ly-mark::before,
.ly-body .ly-col-right .pkp_block > .title::before {
content: '';
flex: none;
width: 4px;
height: 16px;
background: var(--ly-accent);
border-radius: 2px;
}
.ly-latest-cover {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 10px;
line-height: 0;
}
.ly-latest-cover img {
width: 100%;
height: auto;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
}
.ly-body p.ly-latest-name {
margin: 0;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 0.95rem;
font-weight: 700;
}
.ly-body p.ly-latest-date {
margin: 2px 0 12px;
font-size: 0.7rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
details.ly-year {
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
}
details.ly-year summary {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
padding: 9px 2px;
font-size: 0.8rem;
font-weight: 700;
cursor: pointer;
list-style: none;
}
details.ly-year summary::-webkit-details-marker {
display: none;
}
details.ly-year summary small {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 6px;
font-size: 0.66rem;
font-weight: 500;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
details.ly-year summary small::after {
content: '';
border-top: 4px solid var(--ly-muted);
border-right: 4px solid transparent;
border-left: 4px solid transparent;
transition: transform 0.15s ease;
}
details.ly-year[open] summary small::after {
transform: rotate(180deg);
}
details.ly-year ul {
margin: 0 0 10px;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
details.ly-year li {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
padding: 5px 0;
}
.ly-body details.ly-year li a {
font-size: 0.74rem;
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--ly-navy);
text-decoration: none;
}
details.ly-year li small {
font-size: 0.64rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
.ly-years .ly-more {
margin-top: 12px;
}
.ly-tabs {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: 4px 22px;
margin: 0 0 16px;
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
}
.ly-body .ly-tabs button,
.ly-body .ly-tabs .ly-tab-link {
margin: 0 0 -1px;
padding: 8px 0 9px;
font-size: 0.76rem;
font-weight: 500;
color: var(--ly-muted);
text-decoration: none;
background: none;
border: 0;
border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
cursor: pointer;
}
.ly-body .ly-tabs button[aria-selected="true"] {
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--ly-ink);
border-bottom-color: var(--ly-navy);
}
.ly-issue-head {
display: flex;
align-items: baseline;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: 14px;
}
.ly-body .ly-issue-head h2 {
margin: 0;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 1.35rem;
font-weight: 700;
}
.ly-body p.ly-issue-meta {
margin: 2px 0 14px;
font-size: 0.72rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
.ly-panel .obj_issue_toc > .heading {
display: none;
}
.ly-body .obj_issue_toc .sections,
.ly-body .obj_issue_toc .section {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.ly-body .obj_issue_toc .section::before {
content: none;
}
.ly-body .obj_issue_toc .section > h2,
.ly-body .obj_issue_toc .section > h3 {
margin: 14px 0 8px;
padding: 0;
font-size: 0.7rem;
font-weight: 700;
letter-spacing: 0.06em;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: var(--ly-muted);
background: none;
}
.ly-body .cmp_article_list > li {
margin: 0 0 12px;
padding: 0;
}
ol.ly-popular {
margin: 0;
padding: 0 0 0 22px;
}
ol.ly-popular li {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: 14px;
padding: 10px 0;
font-size: 0.82rem;
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
}
.ly-body ol.ly-popular a {
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--ly-ink);
text-decoration: none;
}
ol.ly-popular span {
flex: none;
font-size: 0.7rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
.ly-body .ly-about-text p {
font-size: 0.84rem;
line-height: 1.7;
}
.ly-login-tabs {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
margin: -4px 0 12px;
font-size: 0.74rem;
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
}
.ly-login-tabs span,
.ly-login-tabs a {
padding: 4px 4px 8px;
}
.ly-login-tabs span {
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--ly-ink);
border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ly-navy);
}
.ly-body .ly-login-tabs a {
color: var(--ly-muted);
text-decoration: none;
}
.ly-login form {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: 5px;
margin: 0;
}
.ly-login label {
font-size: 0.7rem;
font-weight: 600;
}
.ly-body .ly-login input[type="text"],
.ly-body .ly-login input[type="password"] {
box-sizing: border-box;
width: 100%;
height: 34px;
margin: 0 0 6px;
padding: 0 10px;
font-size: 0.8rem;
background: #f8f6f6;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-radius: 4px;
}
.ly-login-row {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: 8px;
margin: 2px 0 10px;
font-size: 0.66rem;
}
.ly-login .ly-check {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 5px;
font-weight: 500;
}
.ly-body .ly-col-right .pkp_block {
margin: 0;
padding: 16px;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-radius: var(--ly-radius);
box-shadow: none;
}
.ly-body .ly-col-right .pkp_block .content ul,
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block .content ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.ly-body .ly-col-right .pkp_block .content li a,
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block .content li a {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: 8px;
padding: 8px 0;
font-size: 0.74rem;
color: var(--ly-ink);
text-decoration: none;
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
}
.ly-body .ly-col-right .pkp_block .content li a::after,
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block .content li a::after {
content: '';
flex: none;
width: 6px;
height: 6px;
border-top: 1.5px solid var(--ly-muted);
border-right: 1.5px solid var(--ly-muted);
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
.ly-body .ly-col-right .pkp_block .content li a:hover,
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block .content li a:hover {
color: var(--ly-navy);
}
.ly-body .obj_article_summary.tech-article-row {
position: relative;
display: block;
margin: 0;
padding: 14px 16px 12px;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-radius: var(--ly-radius);
box-shadow: none;
}
.ly-body .obj_article_summary.tech-article-row:hover {
transform: none;
border-color: #cfdad2;
box-shadow: 0 8px 20px -16px rgba(15, 34, 56, 0.5);
}
.ly-body .obj_article_summary::before,
.ly-body .obj_article_summary::after {
content: none;
display: none;
}
.ly-body .tech-article-cover-col {
display: none;
}
.ly-body .tech-article-meta-row {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: 8px;
margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.ly-body .tech-article-meta-left {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-items: center;
gap: 8px;
}
.ly-body .tech-article-category {
padding: 2px 8px;
font-size: 0.6rem;
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--ly-navy);
background: var(--ly-tint);
border: 0;
border-radius: 3px;
}
.ly-body .tech-article-category i {
display: none;
}
.ly-body .tech-article-row .tech-stat-badge,
.ly-body .tech-article-date {
padding: 0;
font-size: 0.64rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
background: none;
border: 0;
}
.ly-body .tech-article-row .tech-article-title {
position: relative;
margin: 0 0 6px;
padding-left: 14px;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 0.98rem;
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 1.35;
}
.ly-body .tech-article-row .tech-article-title::before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0.45em;
width: 6px;
height: 6px;
background: var(--ly-accent);
}
.ly-body .tech-article-row .tech-article-title a {
color: var(--ly-ink);
text-decoration: none;
}
.ly-body .tech-article-row .tech-article-title a:hover {
color: var(--ly-navy-2);
}
.ly-body ul.tech-article-authors {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: 2px 10px;
margin: 0 0 6px;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.ly-body ul.tech-article-authors li {
font-size: 0.7rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
.ly-body ul.tech-article-authors li i {
color: var(--ly-navy-2);
}
.ly-body ul.tech-article-authors .fw-semibold {
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--ly-ink);
}
.ly-body .tech-author-role {
display: none;
}
.ly-body p.ly-abstract {
display: -webkit-box;
margin: 0 0 10px;
overflow: hidden;
font-size: 0.72rem;
line-height: 1.55;
color: var(--ly-muted);
-webkit-line-clamp: 3;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
}
.ly-body .tech-article-footer-row {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: 8px;
padding-top: 8px;
border-top: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
}
.ly-body .tech-article-footer-left {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-items: center;
gap: 10px;
margin-right: auto;
}
.ly-body a.tech-doi-pill {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 5px;
padding: 0;
font-size: 0.64rem;
font-weight: 500;
color: var(--ly-navy-2);
text-decoration: underline;
background: none;
border: 0;
}
.ly-body a.tech-doi-pill i {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
width: 14px;
height: 14px;
font-size: 0.55rem;
color: #ffffff;
background: var(--ly-accent);
border-radius: 50%;
}
.ly-body .tech-copy-doi-btn {
padding: 0;
font-size: 0.7rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
background: none;
border: 0;
}
.ly-body .tech-pages-badge {
padding: 0;
font-size: 0.64rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
background: none;
border: 0;
}
.ly-body a.ly-details,
.ly-body .tech-article-galleys a.obj_galley_link {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 4px;
padding: 3px 10px;
font-size: 0.64rem;
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--ly-ink);
text-decoration: none;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-radius: 3px;
}
.ly-body a.ly-details:hover,
.ly-body .tech-article-galleys a.obj_galley_link:hover {
color: var(--ly-navy);
border-color: var(--ly-navy-2);
}
.ly-body ul.tech-article-galleys {
display: flex;
gap: 6px;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.ly-body .obj_galley_link::after {
content: none;
display: none;
}
.ly-band {
padding: 34px 0;
background: #ffffff;
border-top: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
}
.ly-band-head {
display: flex;
align-items: flex-end;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: 16px;
margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.ly-body .ly-band-head h2.ly-mark {
margin: 0;
font-size: 1.35rem;
}
.ly-body .ly-band-head h2.ly-mark::before {
height: 22px;
}
.ly-body p.ly-band-sub {
margin: 4px 0 0;
font-size: 0.74rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
.ly-indexed-logos,
.ly-indexed-logos p {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(130px, 1fr));
gap: 12px;
margin: 0;
}
.ly-indexed-logos a,
.ly-indexed-logos img {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
.ly-indexed-logos a {
min-height: 74px;
padding: 10px;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--ly-ink);
text-decoration: none;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-radius: var(--ly-radius);
}
.ly-indexed-logos img {
max-width: 100%;
max-height: 46px;
width: auto;
height: auto;
}
.ly-board {
background: var(--ly-tint);
}
.ly-board-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 330px minmax(0, 1fr);
gap: 28px;
align-items: start;
}
.ly-eic {
padding: 24px;
color: #ffffff;
background: var(--ly-navy);
border-radius: var(--ly-radius);
}
.ly-eic-photo {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
width: 84px;
height: 84px;
margin-bottom: 14px;
object-fit: cover;
border: 3px solid var(--ly-accent);
border-radius: 50%;
}
.ly-body .ly-eic h3 {
margin: 0 0 4px;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 1.2rem;
font-weight: 700;
color: #ffffff;
}
.ly-body .ly-eic p {
margin: 0 0 8px;
font-size: 0.72rem;
line-height: 1.5;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
}
.ly-body .ly-eic p.ly-eic-role {
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--ly-accent);
}
.ly-body .ly-eic p.ly-eic-expertise {
margin-top: 16px;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 0.92rem;
font-style: italic;
color: #ffffff;
}
.ly-initials {
display: inline-flex;
flex: none;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
width: 44px;
height: 44px;
font-size: 0.82rem;
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--ly-navy);
background: #ffffff;
border: 2px solid var(--ly-accent-soft);
border-radius: 50%;
}
.ly-eic .ly-initials {
font-size: 1.5rem;
color: var(--ly-navy-deep);
background: var(--ly-accent-soft);
}
ul.ly-members {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
gap: 18px 26px;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
ul.ly-members li {
display: flex;
align-items: flex-start;
gap: 12px;
}
ul.ly-members img {
flex: none;
width: 44px;
height: 44px;
object-fit: cover;
border-radius: 50%;
}
ul.ly-members strong {
display: block;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 0.86rem;
color: var(--ly-ink);
}
ul.ly-members div > span {
display: block;
margin-top: 2px;
font-size: 0.68rem;
line-height: 1.45;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
ol.ly-steps {
position: relative;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(var(--ly-steps, 5), minmax(0, 1fr));
gap: 22px;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
ol.ly-steps::before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
top: 15px;
left: 15px;
right: 15px;
height: 1px;
background: var(--ly-line);
}
ol.ly-steps li {
position: relative;
}
.ly-step-n {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
margin-bottom: 12px;
font-size: 0.78rem;
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--ly-navy);
background: #ffffff;
border: 1.5px solid var(--ly-navy);
border-radius: 50%;
}
.ly-body ol.ly-steps h3 {
margin: 0 0 6px;
font-size: 0.86rem;
font-weight: 700;
}
.ly-body ol.ly-steps p {
margin: 0 0 6px;
font-size: 0.72rem;
line-height: 1.5;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
.ly-body ol.ly-steps p.ly-step-time {
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--ly-ink);
}
.ly-news {
background: var(--ly-page);
}
.ly-news .cmp_announcements {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
gap: 26px;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
}
.ly-news .cmp_announcements > h2,
.ly-news .cmp_announcements > a[id],
.ly-news .cmp_announcements::before,
.ly-news .cmp_announcements::after,
.ly-news .cmp_announcements .more::before,
.ly-news .cmp_announcements .more::after {
content: none;
display: none;
}
.ly-news .cmp_announcements .more,
.ly-news .cmp_announcements .more ul,
.ly-news .cmp_announcements .more li {
display: contents;
}
.ly-news .obj_announcement_summary {
float: none;
width: auto;
margin: 0;
padding: 0 0 0 16px;
border: 0;
border-left: 2px solid var(--ly-accent);
}
.ly-news .obj_announcement_summary .date {
font-size: 0.68rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
.ly-body .ly-news .obj_announcement_summary h2,
.ly-body .ly-news .obj_announcement_summary h3,
.ly-body .ly-news .obj_announcement_summary h4 {
margin: 4px 0 6px;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 1rem;
font-weight: 700;
}
.ly-body .ly-news .obj_announcement_summary h2 a,
.ly-body .ly-news .obj_announcement_summary h3 a,
.ly-body .ly-news .obj_announcement_summary h4 a {
color: var(--ly-ink);
text-decoration: none;
}
.ly-body .ly-news .obj_announcement_summary .summary,
.ly-body .ly-news .obj_announcement_summary .summary p {
font-size: 0.74rem;
line-height: 1.55;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_content.ly-frame {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
gap: 26px;
padding-top: 26px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_content.ly-frame:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) {
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 270px;
}
.ly-body.pkp_page_article .pkp_structure_content.ly-frame {
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_content::before,
.ly-body .pkp_structure_content::after,
.ly-body .pkp_structure_main::before,
.ly-body .pkp_structure_main::after {
content: none;
display: none;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_main {
float: none;
width: auto;
min-width: 0;
margin: 0;
padding: 24px 26px;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-radius: var(--ly-radius);
box-shadow: none;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar .pkp_structure_main {
width: auto;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar {
float: none;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
gap: 18px;
width: auto;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block {
margin: 0;
padding: 16px;
font-size: 0.76rem;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-radius: var(--ly-radius);
box-shadow: none;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .title {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 8px;
margin: 0 0 10px;
padding: 0;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 0.98rem;
font-weight: 700;
text-transform: none;
letter-spacing: 0;
color: var(--ly-ink);
background: none;
border: 0;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block > .title::before {
content: '';
width: 4px;
height: 15px;
background: var(--ly-accent);
border-radius: 2px;
}
.ly-body .cmp_breadcrumbs {
margin: 0 0 14px;
}
.ly-body .cmp_breadcrumbs ol {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: 4px;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.ly-body .cmp_breadcrumbs li {
font-size: 0.7rem;
color: var(--ly-muted);
}
.ly-body .cmp_breadcrumbs li.current {
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--ly-ink);
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_main h1 {
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 1.5rem;
font-weight: 700;
color: var(--ly-ink);
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_main p,
.ly-body .pkp_structure_main li {
font-size: 0.84rem;
line-height: 1.7;
}
.ly-body .tech-panel {
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
box-shadow: none;
}
.ly-body .tech-panel-title {
margin: 0;
padding: 10px 14px;
font-size: 0.7rem;
font-weight: 700;
letter-spacing: 0.04em;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: var(--ly-navy);
background: var(--ly-tint);
border: 0;
border-radius: 0;
}
.ly-body .tech-art-title {
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 1.5rem;
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 1.3;
}
.ly-body .ly-footer.pkp_structure_footer_wrapper {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
background: var(--ly-navy);
border: 0;
}
.ly-body .ly-footer .pkp_structure_footer {
display: block;
max-width: var(--ly-wrap);
padding-top: 38px;
padding-bottom: 0;
text-align: left;
background: none;
}
.ly-foot-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.5fr) repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
gap: 30px;
}
.ly-body a.ly-foot-brand {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 8px;
margin-bottom: 12px;
text-decoration: none;
}
.ly-foot-brand strong {
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 1.1rem;
color: #ffffff;
}
.ly-body .ly-footer p {
margin: 0 0 4px;
font-size: 0.74rem;
line-height: 1.55;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
}
.ly-body .ly-foot-col h2 {
margin: 0 0 12px;
font-size: 0.82rem;
font-weight: 700;
letter-spacing: 0;
text-transform: none;
color: #ffffff;
}
.ly-foot-col ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.ly-foot-col li {
margin: 0 0 7px;
font-size: 0.74rem;
}
.ly-body .ly-footer a {
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
text-decoration: none;
}
.ly-body .ly-footer a:hover {
color: var(--ly-accent);
}
.ly-foot-extra {
margin-top: 22px;
font-size: 0.74rem;
}
.ly-foot-bottom {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: 6px 20px;
margin-top: 30px;
padding: 14px 0 16px;
font-size: 0.68rem;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
}
.ly-body .tech-back-to-top {
color: #ffffff;
background: var(--ly-accent);
border-radius: 50%;
}
@media (max-width: 1100px) {
.ly-hero-inner {
grid-template-columns: 160px minmax(0, 1fr);
}
.ly-hero-side {
grid-column: 1 / -1;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.6fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
gap: 16px;
align-items: start;
}
ul.ly-facts {
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
margin: 0;
}
.ly-home-grid {
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 260px;
grid-template-areas: "main right" "left right";
}
.ly-col-left {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}
.ly-board-grid {
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
}
ol.ly-steps {
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}
ol.ly-steps::before {
content: none;
}
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
.ly-top-inner {
flex-wrap: wrap;
gap: 10px 16px;
padding-top: 10px;
padding-bottom: 12px;
}
.ly-search {
order: 3;
flex: 1 1 100%;
}
.ly-user {
margin-left: auto;
}
.ly-body ul.ly-user-list {
flex-direction: row-reverse;
}
.ly-menu-toggle {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 6px;
padding: 7px 10px;
font-size: 0.74rem;
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--ly-ink);
background: none;
border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.ly-menu-toggle i {
font-size: 1.15rem;
}
.ly-navbar-inner {
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: space-between;
padding-top: 6px;
padding-bottom: 6px;
}
.ly-nav {
display: none;
order: 3;
flex-basis: 100%;
}
.ly-nav-open .ly-nav {
display: block;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav ul.ly-menu {
flex-direction: column;
align-items: stretch;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li {
border-top: 1px solid var(--ly-line);
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a,
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li:first-child > a {
padding: 12px 44px 12px 2px;
font-size: 0.84rem;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a::after,
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li.ly-has-sub > a::before {
content: none;
}
.ly-sub-toggle {
position: absolute;
top: 3px;
right: 0;
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
width: 38px;
height: 38px;
padding: 0;
color: var(--ly-ink);
background: none;
border: 0;
cursor: pointer;
}
.ly-open > .ly-sub-toggle i {
transform: rotate(180deg);
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu ul {
position: static;
min-width: 0;
padding: 0 0 8px 14px;
border: 0;
box-shadow: none;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li:hover > ul,
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li:focus-within > ul {
display: none;
}
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li.ly-open > ul {
display: block;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_content.ly-frame,
.ly-body .pkp_structure_content.ly-frame:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) {
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
}
.ly-foot-grid {
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}
.ly-foot-id {
grid-column: 1 / -1;
}
.ly-news .cmp_announcements {
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
}
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
.ly-hero-inner {
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
gap: 22px;
padding-top: 26px;
}
.ly-hero-cover {
width: 130px;
}
.ly-hero-side {
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
}
ul.ly-facts {
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}
ul.ly-figures {
gap: 14px 28px;
}
.ly-home-grid {
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
grid-template-areas: "main" "left" "right";
}
.ly-col-left {
display: flex;
}
ul.ly-members {
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
}
ol.ly-steps {
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
}
.ly-band-head {
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-items: baseline;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_main {
padding: 18px 16px;
}
.ly-body .tech-article-footer-row {
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.ly-tools {
display: none;
}
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.ly-brand-text small {
display: none;
}
.ly-foot-grid {
grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
}
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a::after,
details.ly-year summary small::after,
.ly-btn {
transition: none;
}
}
@media print {
.ly-top,
.ly-navbar,
.ly-footer,
.ly-col-right {
display: none;
}
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block .content,
.ly-body .ly-col-right .pkp_block .content {
padding: 0;
text-align: left;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block .content li,
.ly-body .ly-col-right .pkp_block .content li {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
background: none;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block .content li::before,
.ly-body .ly-col-right .pkp_block .content li::before,
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block .content li a::before,
.ly-body .ly-col-right .pkp_block .content li a::before {
content: none;
display: none;
}
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block .content li a,
.ly-body .ly-col-right .pkp_block .content li a {
margin: 0;
background: none;
border-radius: 0;
}
.ly-body .page_issue_archive h1.tech-archive-heading {
padding: 0;
font-family: var(--ly-serif);
font-size: 1.5rem;
letter-spacing: 0;
text-transform: none;
background: none;
border: 0;
}
.ly-body .page_issue_archive h1.tech-archive-heading i,
.ly-body .page_issue_archive h1.tech-archive-heading::before,
.ly-body .page_issue_archive h1.tech-archive-heading::after {
display: none;
content: none;
}
.ly-news .obj_announcement_summary {
border-right: 0;
box-shadow: none;
}
.ly-home .ly-col-right .block_tech_popular { display: none; }
.ga-quick ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.ga-quick li { border-top: 1px solid var(--ly-line); }
.ga-quick li:first-child { border-top: 0; }
.ly-body .ga-quick a { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 10px; padding: 9px 2px; color: var(--ly-ink); font-size: 13.5px; text-decoration: none; }
.ly-body .ga-quick a:hover { color: var(--ly-navy); }
.ga-quick a i { color: var(--ly-muted); font-size: 11px; }
.ga-index-more { display: inline-flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-end; gap: 2px; }
.ga-index-more small { color: var(--ly-muted); font-size: 11.5px; }
.ly-body ul.ga-index { display: grid; grid-auto-flow: column; grid-auto-columns: minmax(150px, 1fr); gap: 12px; margin: 0; padding: 4px 0 10px; list-style: none; overflow-x: auto; scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; scrollbar-width: thin; }
.ga-index li { scroll-snap-align: start; }
.ga-index a, .ga-index li > span { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-start; gap: 8px; height: 100%; padding: 14px 12px 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid var(--ly-line); border-radius: var(--ly-radius); color: var(--ly-muted); text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: border-color .15s, box-shadow .15s; }
.ly-body .ga-index a:hover { border-color: var(--ly-navy); box-shadow: 0 6px 16px -12px rgba(0, 0, 0, .45); }
.ga-index-logo { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 40px; }
.ga-index-logo img { max-height: 40px; max-width: 130px; width: auto; }
.ga-index-logo b { font: 700 19px/1 var(--ly-sans); color: #3f4a45; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.ga-index small { font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.35; }
.ga-index-scopus .ga-index-logo b { color: #7b8a86; font-weight: 400; font-size: 22px; }
.ga-index-clarivate .ga-index-logo b { color: #222; font-size: 16px; }
.ga-index-doaj .ga-index-logo b { color: #1d1d1b; }
.ga-index-doaj .ga-index-logo b::before { content: ""; display: inline-block; width: 12px; height: 16px; margin-right: 5px; vertical-align: -1px; background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f26522 0 30%, transparent 30% 40%, #f26522 40% 70%, transparent 70% 80%, #f26522 80%); transform: skewX(-12deg); }
.ga-index-tbitakulakbim .ga-index-logo b { font-size: 12px; color: #9a3b3b; letter-spacing: .02em; }
.ga-index-erihplus .ga-index-logo b { color: #1c3f72; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: .03em; }
.ga-index-ebsco .ga-index-logo b { padding: 3px 7px; background: #183f8c; color: #ffffff; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.ga-index-dimensions .ga-index-logo b { color: #5c6770; font-weight: 500; }
.ly-body ul.ga-news-list { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.ga-news-list li { padding: 0; border: 0; background: none; }
.ly-body .ga-news-date { margin: 0 0 6px; color: var(--ly-muted); font-size: 12.5px; }
.ly-body .ga-news-list h3 { margin: 0 0 8px; font: 700 18px/1.3 var(--ly-serif); }
.ly-body .ga-news-list h3 a { color: var(--ly-ink); text-decoration: none; }
.ly-body .ga-news-list h3 a:hover { color: var(--ly-navy); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--ly-accent); }
.ly-body .ga-news-list p { margin: 0; color: var(--ly-muted); font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 1.6; }
.ly-body .ga-orcid { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 18px; height: 18px; border-radius: 50%; background: #a6ce39; color: #ffffff !important; font: 700 9px/1 var(--ly-sans); text-decoration: none; }
.ly-body .ga-foot-social { display: flex; gap: 14px; margin-top: 14px; }
.ly-body .ga-foot-social a { color: #ffffff; font-size: 16px; opacity: .85; text-decoration: none; }
.ly-body .ga-foot-social a:hover { color: var(--ly-accent); opacity: 1; }
.ly-body .ga-foot-social:empty { display: none; }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
.ly-body ul.ga-news-list { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; }
}


/* ==========================================================================
   Bioscience Insights edition (1.0.1): crimson / black / white from the
   issue cover, black utility strip, full-width logo band, crimson menu bar,
   black footer, local Bootstrap Icons (the site's CSP blocks cdnjs).
   ========================================================================== */
:root {
  --bi-red: #a8101b;
  --bi-red-bright: #d01c28;
  --bi-red-deep: #6e0a12;
  --bi-black: #141414;
}
.bi-util { background: var(--bi-black); color: rgba(255,255,255,.82); font-size: .74rem; }
.bi-util-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 18px; min-height: 42px; }
.bi-util-info { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 6px 18px; flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; }
.ly-body .bi-util a { color: rgba(255,255,255,.88); text-decoration: none; }
.ly-body .bi-util a:hover { color: #ffffff; text-decoration: underline; }
.bi-util-issn { padding-left: 18px; border-left: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.22); letter-spacing: .02em; }
.bi-util .ly-search { flex: 0 1 300px; margin: 0; padding: 2px 2px 2px 14px; background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.18); }
.ly-body .bi-util .ly-search input { height: 26px; color: #ffffff; }
.ly-body .bi-util .ly-search input::placeholder { color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); }
.ly-body .bi-util .ly-search button { padding: 5px 12px; color: #ffffff; background: var(--bi-red-bright); }
.ly-body .bi-util ul.ly-user-list { flex-direction: row; gap: 6px; }
.ly-body .bi-util .ly-user-list > li > a { min-width: 0; padding: 4px 12px; color: #ffffff; background: transparent; border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.35); }
.ly-body .bi-util .ly-user-list > li:last-child > a { color: #ffffff; background: var(--bi-red-bright); border-color: var(--bi-red-bright); }
.ly-body .bi-util .ly-user-list ul a { color: var(--ly-ink); }
.ly-body .bi-util .ly-user-list ul a:hover { color: var(--bi-red); text-decoration: none; }

.ly-top { background: #ffffff; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ly-line); }
.ly-top-inner { min-height: 0; padding-top: 12px; padding-bottom: 12px; }
.ly-body a.ly-brand { flex: 1 1 auto; }
.ly-body .ly-top .ly-logo { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; max-height: none; height: auto; }

.ly-navbar { background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--bi-red-deep), var(--bi-red) 35%, var(--bi-red)); border: 0; border-bottom: 3px solid var(--bi-black); }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a { color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .02em; }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a:hover,
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li.ly-current > a { color: #ffffff; background: rgba(0,0,0,.22); }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a::after { background: #ffffff; }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li.ly-has-sub > a::before { border-top-color: rgba(255,255,255,.85); }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu ul { border-top: 3px solid var(--bi-red); }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu ul a:hover { color: var(--bi-red); background: #f9eeee; }
.ly-body .ly-navbar .ly-social a,
.ly-body .ly-navbar .ly-langs a,
.ly-body .ly-menu-toggle { color: #ffffff; }
.ly-body .ly-menu-toggle { background: transparent; border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.45); }

.ly-hero {
  background-color: var(--bi-red);
  background-image: var(--ly-tower), linear-gradient(118deg, transparent 0 66%, rgba(20,20,20,.92) 66% 100%), linear-gradient(118deg, var(--bi-red-deep) 0%, var(--bi-red) 42%, #b5121d 66%);
  background-position: right 3% bottom, center, center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat, no-repeat;
  background-size: auto 92%, 100% 100%, 100% 100%;
}
.ly-hero-cover img { box-shadow: 0 18px 40px -10px rgba(0,0,0,.55); border: 3px solid #ffffff; }
.ly-body .ly-hero .ly-btn-amber { color: var(--bi-red); background: #ffffff; border-color: #ffffff; }
.ly-body .ly-hero .ly-btn-amber:hover { color: #ffffff; background: var(--bi-black); border-color: var(--bi-black); }

.ly-body .ly-footer.pkp_structure_footer_wrapper { background: var(--bi-black); border-top: 4px solid var(--bi-red); }
.ly-body a.ly-foot-brand { gap: 12px; }
.bi-foot-emblem { flex: none; width: 64px; height: 64px; }
.ly-foot-brand strong { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.2; }
.ly-foot-brand strong small { margin-top: 3px; font-family: var(--ly-sans); font-size: .66rem; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: rgba(255,255,255,.65); }
.ly-body .ly-foot-col h2 { padding-bottom: 8px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--bi-red-bright); display: inline-block; }
.ly-body .ly-footer a:hover { color: #ff6b74; }
.ly-foot-extra .card { margin: 0; padding: 0; background: none; border: 0; box-shadow: none; }
.ly-foot-extra p { text-align: left !important; }
.ly-body .tech-back-to-top { background: var(--bi-red-bright); }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .bi-util-inner { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 12px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; }
  .bi-util-issn { display: none; }
  .bi-util .ly-search { order: 3; flex: 1 1 100%; }
  .ly-body .bi-util ul.ly-user-list { flex-direction: row; }
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  /* Show the emblem and the journal name part of the wide logo, not a tiny full strip. */
  .ly-body .ly-top .ly-logo { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1010 / 150; height: auto; object-fit: cover; object-position: left center; }
  .ly-navbar { background: var(--bi-red); }
}

.bi-view-more { margin: 18px 0 4px; text-align: center; }
.ly-body .bi-view-more .ly-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; padding: 10px 22px; }

/* 1.0.3 polish */
ul.ly-facts strong { white-space: normal; overflow: visible; text-overflow: clip; }
.ly-hero { background-image: var(--ly-tower), linear-gradient(118deg, transparent 0 66%, rgba(20,20,20,.92) 66% 100%), linear-gradient(118deg, var(--bi-red-deep) 0%, var(--bi-red) 42%, #b5121d 66%); }
.ly-eic .ly-role, .ly-body .ly-eic strong + span, .ly-body .ly-eic [class*="role"] { color: #ffd9dc !important; }
.ly-body .pkp_block.block_custom .content li a,
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block.block_custom .content li a { display: inline; padding: 0; border: 0; font-size: inherit; color: var(--bi-red); }
.ly-body .pkp_block.block_custom .content li a::before,
.ly-body .pkp_block.block_custom .content li a::after { content: none !important; }
.ly-body .pkp_block.block_custom .content li { border: 0; }
.ly-body .pkp_block.block_custom .content p,
.ly-body .pkp_block.block_custom .content li { font-size: .78rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.ly-body .pkp_block.block_make_submission a.block_make_submission_link { display: block; padding: 11px 16px; font-weight: 700; text-align: center; color: #ffffff; background: var(--bi-red); border: 0; border-radius: 6px; text-decoration: none; }
.ly-body .pkp_block.block_make_submission a.block_make_submission_link:hover { background: var(--bi-black); }
.ly-foot-extra { padding: 0; }
.ly-body .ly-foot-extra p { margin: 0 0 4px; }
@media (min-width: 901px) { .ga-index-more { display: none; } }
@media (max-width: 700px) {
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .ly-body .page p, .ly-body .page li { text-align: left !important; }
  .ly-body .page { font-size: 15px; }
}

/* 1.1.0: Goudy Old Style everywhere, photo hero and footer, sidebar blocks band */
.ly-body, .ly-body button, .ly-body input, .ly-body select, .ly-body textarea,
.ly-body .pkp_structure_page, .ly-body .page, .ly-body .obj_article_summary, .ly-body .pkp_block { font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, sans-serif !important; }
.ly-body .bi, .ly-body [class^="bi-"]::before, .ly-body [class*=" bi-"]::before { font-family: "bootstrap-icons" !important; }

.ly-hero {
  background-color: #07090b;
  background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(6,8,10,.94) 0%, rgba(6,8,10,.86) 40%, rgba(6,8,10,.45) 70%, rgba(6,8,10,.62) 100%), url("../images/footer-bg.jpg");
  background-position: center, right center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat;
  background-size: 100% 100%, cover;
  border-bottom: 4px solid var(--bi-red-bright);
}
.ly-body .ly-hero h1.ly-hero-title, .ly-body p.ly-hero-sub, .ly-body p.ly-hero-desc, .ly-hero .ly-figures { text-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.85); }
.ly-body p.ly-hero-desc { color: #ffffff; font-size: 1.02rem; }
.ly-body p.ly-hero-sub { color: #ffd2d6; }
.ly-hero .ly-figures strong { color: #ffffff; }
.ly-hero .ly-figures span { color: rgba(255,255,255,.9); }
.ly-body .ly-hero ul.ly-facts li { background: rgba(8,8,10,.78); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.28); backdrop-filter: blur(4px); }
.ly-body .ly-hero ul.ly-facts li span { color: rgba(255,255,255,.85); }
.ly-body .ly-hero ul.ly-facts li strong { color: #ffffff; }
.ly-body .ly-hero ul.ly-facts i { color: #ffffff; background: var(--bi-red-bright); }
.ly-body .ly-hero .ly-submit { background: rgba(8,8,10,.8); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.28); backdrop-filter: blur(4px); }
.ly-body .ly-hero .ly-submit p, .ly-body .ly-hero .ly-submit a { color: #ffffff; }

.ly-body .ly-footer.pkp_structure_footer_wrapper {
  background-color: #1a0204;
  background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(14,2,3,.95) 0%, rgba(14,2,3,.9) 55%, rgba(14,2,3,.72) 100%), url("../images/hero-bg.jpg");
  background-position: center, right center;
  background-size: 100% 100%, cover;
  background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat;
}
.ly-body .ly-footer p, .ly-body .ly-footer a, .ly-foot-col li { font-size: .82rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.88); }
.ly-foot-bottom { font-size: .74rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.75); }

.bi-blocks-band { padding: 34px 0 40px; background: #ffffff; border-top: 1px solid var(--ly-line); }
.ly-body .bi-blocks { column-count: 4; column-gap: 20px; }
.ly-body .bi-blocks .pkp_block { display: inline-block; width: 100%; margin: 0 0 20px; padding: 16px; break-inside: avoid; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid var(--ly-line); border-top: 3px solid var(--bi-red); border-radius: var(--ly-radius); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px -12px rgba(110,10,18,.35); }
.ly-body .bi-blocks .pkp_block img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
.ly-body .bi-blocks .pkp_block > .title { display: block; margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--bi-black); }
.ly-body .bi-blocks .pkp_block .content li a { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding: 7px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ly-line); color: var(--ly-ink); font-size: .85rem; text-decoration: none; }
.ly-body .bi-blocks .pkp_block.block_custom .content li a { display: inline; padding: 0; border: 0; color: var(--bi-red); }
.ly-body .ly-home-grid { align-items: start; }
@media (max-width: 1100px) { .ly-body .bi-blocks { column-count: 3; } }
@media (max-width: 900px) { .ly-body .bi-blocks { column-count: 2; } }
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .ly-body .bi-blocks { column-count: 1; }
  .ly-hero { background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(6,8,10,.82) 0%, rgba(6,8,10,.9) 100%), url("../images/footer-bg.jpg"); background-position: center, 70% center; }
}
/* 1.1.1 fixes */
.ly-body .ly-hero .ly-submit a.ly-btn { color: var(--bi-red); }
.ly-body .ly-hero .ly-submit a.ly-btn:hover { color: #ffffff; }
.ly-body { font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; }
.ly-body .bi-blocks .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-item a { align-items: flex-start; text-align: left; padding: 10px 12px; text-transform: none; font-size: .85rem; line-height: 1.35; }
.ly-body .bi-blocks .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-item a::before { content: none; }
.ly-body .bi-blocks .pkp_block .content li a:hover { color: var(--bi-red); padding-left: 0; }
.ly-body .bi-blocks { column-count: 3; column-gap: 24px; }
.ly-body .bi-blocks .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-title { flex: 1 1 calc(100% - 44px); text-transform: none; display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }
.ly-body .bi-blocks .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-item a { flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 6px 10px; }
@media (max-width: 900px) { .ly-body .bi-blocks { column-count: 2; } }
@media (max-width: 600px) { .ly-body .bi-blocks { column-count: 1; } }

/* ===== 1.2.0: Verdana / Trebuchet MS, roomy menu, crimson logo band, 2-column home ===== */
html { font-size: 15px; }
.ly-body h1, .ly-body h2, .ly-body h3, .ly-body h4, .ly-body .ly-mark, .ly-body .ly-hero h1.ly-hero-title,
.ly-body .obj_article_summary .title, .ly-body .obj_article_summary .title a, .ly-body .pkp_block > .title,
.ly-body .ly-nav, .ly-body .ly-nav a, .ly-body .ly-btn { font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Tahoma, sans-serif !important; }

/* menu: one line, clear gaps */
.ly-body .ly-nav ul.ly-menu { gap: 4px 6px; }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a { padding: 15px 16px; font-size: .86rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .03em; }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li.ly-has-sub > a { padding-right: 24px; }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu ul a { font-size: .84rem; padding: 9px 16px; }
.ly-navbar { background: #161616; border-bottom: 3px solid var(--bi-red-bright); }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a:hover,
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li.ly-current > a { background: var(--bi-red); }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a::after { background: #ffffff; }

/* logo band in theme colours, logo in white */
.bi-util { background: #0b0b0b; }
.ly-top { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #4f060c 0%, #a8101b 45%, #a8101b 55%, #4f060c 100%); border-bottom: 0; }
.ly-body .ly-top .ly-logo { filter: brightness(0) invert(1) drop-shadow(0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.35)); }

/* two-column home */
.ly-body .bi-home-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; grid-template-areas: "main right"; gap: 28px; }
.bi-home-grid .ly-col-main { grid-area: main; min-width: 0; }
.bi-home-grid .ly-col-right { grid-area: right; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 18px; }
.ly-body .bi-home-grid .ly-col-right .ly-blocks { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 18px; }
.ly-body .bi-home-grid .ly-col-right .pkp_block { border-top: 3px solid var(--bi-red); }
.ly-body .bi-home-grid .ly-band { margin-top: 26px; padding: 22px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid var(--ly-line); border-top: 3px solid var(--bi-red); border-radius: var(--ly-radius); }
.ly-body .bi-home-grid .ly-band > .ly-wrap { max-width: none; padding: 0; }
.ly-body .bi-home-grid .ly-board .ly-board-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
.ly-body .bi-home-grid ol.ly-steps { grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
.ly-body .bi-home-grid ul.ly-members { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }

/* latest issue header with stats */
.bi-issue-head { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 170px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 24px; align-items: center; margin: 4px 0 22px; padding: 20px; color: #ffffff; background: linear-gradient(120deg, #161616 0%, #2a0a0d 55%, #6e0a12 100%); border-radius: var(--ly-radius); }
.bi-issue-cover img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; border: 3px solid #ffffff; box-shadow: 0 12px 28px -10px rgba(0,0,0,.7); }
.ly-body .bi-issue-kicker { margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #ff9aa1; }
.ly-body .bi-issue-info h2 { margin: 0 0 6px; font-size: 1.45rem; color: #ffffff; }
.ly-body .bi-issue-date { margin: 0 0 14px; font-size: .82rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.85); }
ul.bi-issue-stats { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 10px; margin: 0 0 16px; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
ul.bi-issue-stats li { padding: 10px 12px; background: rgba(255,255,255,.08); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); border-radius: 6px; }
ul.bi-issue-stats strong { display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 1.35rem; color: #ffffff; }
ul.bi-issue-stats span { font-size: .7rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.8); }
.bi-issue-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; }
.ly-body .bi-issue-actions .ly-btn-navy { color: #ffffff; background: var(--bi-red-bright); border-color: var(--bi-red-bright); }
.ly-body .bi-issue-actions .bi-btn-ghost { color: #ffffff; background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.55); }
.ly-body .bi-issue-actions .ly-btn:hover { color: #ffffff; background: #000000; }

/* articles: two per row */
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 18px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid > li { display: flex; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid > li > * { flex: 1 1 auto; width: 100%; margin: 0; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .obj_article_summary .title { font-size: .95rem; line-height: 1.35; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .obj_article_summary .title a { display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 4; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .ly-body .bi-home-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 260px; }
  ul.bi-issue-stats { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .ly-body .bi-home-grid ol.ly-steps { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .ly-body .bi-home-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); grid-template-areas: "main" "right"; }
  .ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .ly-body .bi-home-grid ul.ly-members { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a { padding: 12px 14px; }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .bi-issue-head { grid-template-columns: 110px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 14px; padding: 14px; }
  .ly-body .bi-issue-info h2 { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .ly-body .bi-home-grid ol.ly-steps { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .ly-body .bi-home-grid .ly-band { padding: 16px; }
}
.ly-hero { background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(18,2,4,.93) 0%, rgba(18,2,4,.82) 42%, rgba(18,2,4,.3) 74%, rgba(18,2,4,.5) 100%), url("../images/footer-bg.jpg"); }
.ly-body .ly-footer.pkp_structure_footer_wrapper { background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(5,7,9,.95) 0%, rgba(5,7,9,.9) 55%, rgba(5,7,9,.6) 100%), url("../images/hero-bg.jpg"); }
@media (max-width: 600px) { .ly-hero { background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(18,2,4,.82) 0%, rgba(18,2,4,.9) 100%), url("../images/footer-bg.jpg"); } }

/* ===== 1.3.0: full-width layout, spread menu, hero indexing, article cards, team pages ===== */
:root { --ly-wrap: 1760px; }
.ly-wrap { max-width: var(--ly-wrap); padding-left: clamp(16px, 3vw, 48px); padding-right: clamp(16px, 3vw, 48px); }
.ly-body .ly-top .ly-logo { width: auto; max-width: 100%; max-height: 96px; }
@media (max-width: 700px) { .ly-body .ly-top .ly-logo { width: 100%; max-height: none; } }

/* menu: no red block on the current item, items spread over the full bar */
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li.ly-current > a,
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a:hover { background: transparent; }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a::after { display: none; }
.ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a:hover, .ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a:focus { color: #ff8a92; }
@media (min-width: 901px) {
  .ly-body .ly-nav ul.ly-menu { flex-wrap: nowrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: 0 28px; }
  .ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li > a { padding: 16px 6px; }
  .ly-body .ly-nav .ly-menu > li.ly-has-sub > a { padding-right: 20px; }
}

/* hero: submit button under the text, HEC + DOAJ panel on the right */
.bi-hero-cta { margin-top: 22px; }
.ly-body .bi-hero-cta .bi-submit-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; padding: 13px 28px; font-size: .95rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--bi-red); background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #ffffff; border-radius: 999px; box-shadow: 0 10px 24px -10px rgba(0,0,0,.7); }
.ly-body .bi-hero-cta .bi-submit-btn:hover { color: #ffffff; background: var(--bi-red-bright); border-color: var(--bi-red-bright); }
.bi-hero-index { margin-top: 14px; padding: 16px; background: rgba(8,8,10,.8); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.22); border-radius: 10px; backdrop-filter: blur(4px); }
.ly-body p.bi-hero-index-title { margin: 0 0 12px; font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #ffffff; }
.ly-body p.bi-hero-index-title i { color: #ff6b74; }
.ly-body a.bi-index-tile { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; padding: 10px 14px 10px 10px; margin-top: 10px; color: var(--ly-ink); text-decoration: none; background: #ffffff; border-radius: 8px; border-left: 4px solid var(--bi-red-bright); transition: transform .15s ease, box-shadow .15s ease; }
.ly-body a.bi-index-tile:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 10px 22px -12px rgba(0,0,0,.8); }
.bi-index-logo { flex: none; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 92px; height: 56px; }
.bi-index-logo img { max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; object-fit: contain; }
.bi-index-text { flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.3; }
.bi-index-text strong { font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: .92rem; color: #161616; }
.bi-index-text small { font-size: .7rem; color: #5d5d63; }
.ly-body a.bi-index-tile > i { color: var(--bi-red); font-size: .8rem; }
.pkp_page_index #customblock-hec { display: none; }

/* article cards */
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .obj_article_summary { position: relative; display: flex; padding: 0; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #ece6e6; border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 2px 10px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.18); overflow: hidden; transition: box-shadow .2s ease, transform .2s ease; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .obj_article_summary::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0; width: 4px; background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--bi-red-bright), var(--bi-red-deep)); }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .obj_article_summary:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 16px 30px -18px rgba(110,10,18,.55); }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-body-col { display: flex; flex-direction: column; width: 100%; padding: 18px 20px 16px 24px; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-meta-row { margin-bottom: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #eadede; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-category { padding: 3px 10px; font-size: .68rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #ffffff; background: var(--bi-red); border-radius: 999px; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-title { margin: 0 0 10px; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-title::before { display: none; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-title a { font-size: .98rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.4; color: #161616; text-decoration: none; display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-title a:hover { color: var(--bi-red); }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid ul.tech-article-authors { display: block; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 0 0 0 22px; position: relative; font-size: .78rem; line-height: 1.5; color: #4a4a50; display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid ul.tech-article-authors::before { content: "\F4DA"; font-family: "bootstrap-icons"; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; color: var(--bi-red); }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid ul.tech-article-authors li { display: inline; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid ul.tech-article-authors li i, .ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-author-role { display: none; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid ul.tech-article-authors li .fw-semibold { font-weight: 600; color: #2b2b30; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid ul.tech-article-authors li + li::before { content: ", "; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .ly-abstract { flex: 1 1 auto; margin: 0 0 14px; font-size: .8rem; line-height: 1.6; color: #5d5d63; display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-footer-row { margin-top: auto; padding-top: 12px; border-top: 1px solid #f0e8e8; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid a.ly-details { padding: 6px 14px; font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--bi-red); background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid var(--bi-red); border-radius: 999px; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid a.ly-details:hover { color: #ffffff; background: var(--bi-red); }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-galleys a { padding: 6px 14px; font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 700; color: #ffffff !important; background: var(--bi-red); border: 1px solid var(--bi-red); border-radius: 999px; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-galleys a:hover { background: #161616; border-color: #161616; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-galleys a i, .ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-galleys a::before { color: #ffffff !important; }

/* team pages (Editorial Team / Board / Advisory Board) */
.bi-team { margin-top: 10px; }
.ly-body .bi-team h2.bi-team-heading { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 28px 0 16px; font-size: 1.05rem; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: #161616; }
.ly-body .bi-team h2.bi-team-heading::after { content: ""; flex: 1 1 auto; height: 2px; background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--bi-red-bright), transparent); }
.ly-body .bi-team h2.bi-team-heading:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.bi-team-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(290px, 1fr)); gap: 18px; }
.bi-member { position: relative; display: flex; gap: 16px; padding: 18px; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #ece6e6; border-top: 3px solid var(--bi-red); border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 6px 18px -14px rgba(0,0,0,.45); transition: transform .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease; }
.bi-member:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 16px 30px -18px rgba(110,10,18,.55); }
.ly-body .bi-member .bi-avatar { flex: none; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 58px; height: 58px; margin: 0; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 700; color: #ffffff; background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bi-red-bright), var(--bi-red-deep)); border-radius: 50%; box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #f6e3e5; }
.bi-member-body { min-width: 0; }
.ly-body .bi-member h3 { margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: 1rem; color: #161616; }
.ly-body .bi-member p { margin: 0 0 3px; font-size: .8rem; line-height: 1.5; color: #4a4a50; text-align: left !important; }
.ly-body .bi-member p.bi-degree { font-weight: 700; color: var(--bi-red); }
.ly-body .bi-member p.bi-role { font-style: italic; color: #2b2b30; }
.ly-body .bi-member p.bi-aff { color: #5d5d63; }
.ly-body .bi-member p.bi-mail a { color: var(--bi-red); }
.bi-team-lead .bi-member { grid-column: 1 / -1; padding: 24px; background: linear-gradient(120deg, #161616 0%, #2a0a0d 55%, #6e0a12 100%); border: 0; }
.ly-body .bi-team-lead .bi-member h3 { font-size: 1.3rem; color: #ffffff; }
.ly-body .bi-team-lead .bi-member p { color: rgba(255,255,255,.88); font-size: .88rem; }
.ly-body .bi-team-lead .bi-member p.bi-degree { color: #ff9aa1; }
.ly-body .bi-team-lead .bi-member p.bi-role { color: #ffffff; }
.ly-body .bi-team-lead .bi-member p.bi-mail a { color: #ffffff; text-decoration: underline; }
.ly-body .bi-team-lead .bi-member .bi-avatar { width: 76px; height: 76px; font-size: 1.5rem; background: #ffffff; color: var(--bi-red); box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px rgba(255,255,255,.2); }
@media (min-width: 1101px) { .ly-hero-inner { grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr) 420px; } }
.ly-body .pkp_structure_content.ly-frame:has(> .pkp_structure_sidebar) { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; }
.ly-body .pkp_structure_sidebar { width: 100% !important; min-width: 0; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0 !important; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-title { padding-left: 0 !important; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid ul.tech-article-authors li + li::before { content: none; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid ul.tech-article-authors li:not(:last-child) .fw-semibold::after { content: ","; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-galleys { display: flex; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-galleys li { margin: 0; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-galleys a, .ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid a.ly-details { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; height: 32px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .obj_article_summary, .ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-body-col { margin: 0 !important; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-article-body-col { padding-top: 18px !important; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .tech-pages-badge { position: static; }
/* HEC block: hide the policy-table screenshot everywhere */
#customblock-hec a[href*="hec.gov.pk"] { display: none; }
/* Top populars block in every sidebar: left aligned, normal case */
.ly-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-item a { flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 6px 10px; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: left; font-size: .8rem; line-height: 1.4; text-transform: none; }
.ly-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-item a::before, .ly-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-item a::after { content: none; }
.ly-body .pkp_block.block_tech_popular .tech-popular-title { flex: 1 1 calc(100% - 44px); display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden; text-transform: none; }
.ly-body ul.bi-latest-grid .obj_article_summary { align-items: stretch !important; }
.ly-body .ly-top .ly-logo.bi-logo-white { filter: drop-shadow(0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.35)); background: none; }