CHEMISTRY OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND THEIR ROLE IN PREVENTING OXIDATIVE STRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES

Abstract

Oxidative stress constitutes a significant factor in the evolution of almost all cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The study studies the effects of selected antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, polyphenols, coenzyme Q10, and curcumin on oxidative stress and protection to the cells.The findings proved that antioxidant treatment had the potential to decrease lipid peroxidation, stabilize mitochondria, and increase antioxidant enzyme activity. Antioxidants enhanced endothelial function, decreased arterial plaque formation, and myocardial damage in cardiac models. In neurodegenerative models, antioxidants inhibited amyloid-beta plaque deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and cognitive dysfunction. The co-administration of vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 led to superior treatment effects, suggesting the necessity of combined treatments. These different beneficial properties of uncertainly doubtful antioxidants assure that necessity exists for further research into amount, delivery route, and clinical applications. Research work in this area should be undertaken innovatively by creating new drug delivery systems such as nanoparticle formulations to increase antioxidant bioavailability and maximize the targeted therapeutic actions. This encompasses utilization in chronic illnesses like diabetes, inflammatory diseases, and metabolic syndrome-related diseases.